
Book, . 7~^s5"-f 



THE 

AMERICAN TRAVELLER; 



THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. 

CONTAINING 
, : BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVERAL 

'*^ STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS, 

CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. 
WITH 

EutltB of mntmttBy 

BV STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES. 

The whole 

Mlphahetically arranged, with direct Reference to the 

accompanying Map of the Roads, Canals, 

and Railways of the United States, 

THIRD EDITION. 



BV H. S. TILNNH^. 



PHILADELPHIA : 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 

NO. 51 SOUTH THIRD STREET. 

1837. 



■TTsi 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1836, 

By H. S. Tanner, 

In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



tiV^"^^? 



PREFACE 



-»>«#«<«— 



Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for 
the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody 
within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and 
as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading 
object of the present work would admit. I have therefore 
omitted all such details and extraneous matters as would 
only serve to augment the size of the volume, without produc 
ing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will 
accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con- 
cise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, 
their population, number of counties, area, forms of govern- 
ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would 
be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of 
the traveller. 

Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an 
account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes 
from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, 
Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to 
place, carefully noted. 

A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity, in 
or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head 
of each. 

With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United 
States, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather 
more into details that in the other parts of the work. 

Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have 
drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of 
those works which will be found under the heads of the 
respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, 
points of commencement and termination, and such other 
facts, as are considered important in reference to the 
general system of internal improvements in our country. 



( iv ) 

The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all 
the leading towns, roads, canals, «fcc. with the distances 
from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. 
The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by 
the intersecting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to cor- 
responding numbers in the descriptive volume. 

By consulting either the book or map, the place sought 
for in the other can be found with great facility. 

In addition to the information contained in the body of 
the map, there are appended to the same sheet, the follow- 
ing supplementary maps, plans, &,c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 
2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 
5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City 
of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 
8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. ~ 10. Of the falls of Nia- 
gara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Of PottsviUe, Pa. 13. Pittsburg. 
14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. 
Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional 
plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- 
adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite 
the description of each of those places in the volume. 

H. S. TANNER. 



THE 

AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. 

EXPLANATION. 

To find the position of any place on the map, observe the num- 
ber in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the i^ame in 
the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map, and 
within the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for 
will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, 
figures which refer to the index; thus reciprocally tending to fa 
cililate their use and application, one to the other. 

Abreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. Ver- 
mont. Mass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connec- 
ticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. 
D. Delaware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia N. C. Notth Ca- 
rolina. S. C. South Carolina. G. Georgia. F. Florida. Al. Al- 
abama. Miss. Mississippi. L. Louisiana. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. 
Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. II. Illinois. In. In- 
dianna. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-house. 
R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given, 
according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed. 

The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities 
and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if tiie road 
from Washington to N&w Orleans, be required, turn to the article 
"Washington," where will be found the route to Richmond, Va. 
then to that of" Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, 
and so on. 



ABB ALA 

Abbot's Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama Hiver, (299.) 
Adcocks, N. C. (236.) 

Alabama, slate of, (247,) is divided into forty-six coun- 
ties, and contained in 1830, a population of ■-i00,527, in- 
cluding 117,549 slaves. Area 52,0()0 square miles. Capital, 
Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. IP 
12' W. General Election, first Monday in August. Legis- 
lature meet, fourth Monday in October. Constitution 
formed, 1819. 

1* 



6 ALABAMA. 

Government. — The Governor is elected for two years ; 
salary $2,000. Secretary of State, Treasurer and Comp- 
troller of Public Accounts; — salary of each $1,000, 

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two 
branches, a Senate and House of Representatives, which 
together are styled the General Assembly of the State of 
Alabama. 

The representatives are elected annually, and are appor- 
tioned among the different counties in proportion to the 
white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, 
nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three 
years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their 
number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one- 
fourth the number of the representatives. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme 
court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the 
General Assembly may, from tinrTe to time, direct or estab- 
lish. The Judges, are elected by joint votes of both houses 
of the lieneral Assembly, every six years. 

The supreme court consists of seven Judges ; and the 
state is divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a 
judge of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. 
The salary of each of these judges is $1,750. 

Physical Structure. — In tiie northern part of Alabama, 
mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val- 
ley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombec- 
bee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly 
of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &c. The central and 
southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of moun- 
tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products 
of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but 
interspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, 
forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp, 
oak, holly, &c. the immense tbrest which still exists there. 

Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Ca- 
hawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &c. 

Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and 
sugar. 

Gold has been found in the northern part of this 
state. 



ALBANY. 



Internal Improvements. — Consist of a Rail-road now in 
progress, from Decatur in Morgan Co. to a point 10 miles 
below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, 62 miles 
Huntsville Canal, from Triana, on the Tennessee, to the 
town of Huntsville, 16 miles in length. 

A canal has been commenced, extending from the head 
of the muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other 
improvements are contemplated. 

Principal Toicns. Blobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- 
caloosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, «&c. 
Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.) 

Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C. 

Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.) 

gia, (304.) Albion, Ih (166.) 

Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York, 
contains a population of about 35,000. The principal 
buildings are: the Capital in State street. Academy in 
which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. 
City Hall near the capitol, and about '20 churches, some of 
which are handsome edifices; theatre, museum, public 
library, several banks, &,c. The canal pier, and basin, 
deserve particular attention. 

' JIOUTES FROM ALBANY. 



To New York 


by 


Steam 


Singsing, 


10 113 


. Boat. 








Phillipsburg, 


16 129 






Miles. 


New York, 


16 145 


Coeymans, 






13 







Coxackie, 




7 


20 


To Buffalo by 


Erie Canal. 


Hudson, 




8 


28 


Troy, 


7 


Catskill, 




6 


34 


Junction, 


2 9 


(thence to Pine Orch- 




Schenectady, 


19 28 


ard 14 miles.) 








Amsterdam, 


18 46 


Red Hook Landing, 


11 


45 


Schohai ie Cr. 


7 53 


Kingston, 




10 


55 


Caughnawaga, 


4 57 


Hyde Park, 




10 


65 


Canajoharie, 


12 69 


Pokeepsie, 




5 


70 


Little Falls, 


19 88 


Newburg, 




15 


85 


Herkimer, 


7 95 


West Point, 




8 


93 


Frankfort, 


5 100 


Peekskill, 




10 103 


Utica, 


10 110 



ROUTES FROM ALBANY. 



Whitesboro, 


4 114 


Manchester, 


9 105 


Rome, 


11 195 


Vernon, 


8 113 


New London, 


7 132 


Lenox, 


9 122 


Canistota, 


14 146 


Sullivan, 


8 130 


New Boston, 


4 150 


Manlius, 


6 136 


Chitteningo, 


4 154 


West Hills, 


12 148 


Manlius, 


8 162 


Skaneateles, 


14 162 


Syracuse, 


9 171 


Auburn, 


7 169 


Geddesburg, 


2 173 


Cayuga, 


9 178 


Canton, 


12 185 


Waterloo, 


8 186 


Jordan, 


6 191 


Geneva, 


6 192 


Weedsport, 


6 197 


Canandaigua, 


16 208 


Montezuma, (Lake 




Bloomfield, 


9 217 


Port) 


9 206 


Lima, 


9 226 


Clyde, 


11 217 


Avon, 


7 233 


Lyons, 


9 226 


Caledonia, 


8 241 


Lockville, 


6 232 


Leroy, 


6 247 


Palmyra, 


9 241 


Batavia, 


10 257 


Fuirport, 


11 252 


Pembroke, 


14 271 


Pittsford, 


8 260 


Ransom's Grove, 


8 279 


Rochester, 


10 270 


Williamsville, 


8 287 


Ogden, 


12 282 


Buffalo, 


10 297 


Adams, 


3 285 






Brockport, 


5 290 


To Ithaca, by Stage. 


Holly, 


5 295 


Hamilton, 


8 


Albion, 


10 305 


Duanesburg, 


12 20 


Lock port. 


28 333 


Esperance, 


6 26 


Pendleton, 


7 340 


Beekmansville, 


19 45 


Tonnewanta, 


12 352 


Cherry Valley, 


7 52 


Buffalo, 


11 363 


Cooperstown, 


12 64 







Burlington, 


10 74 


To Buffalo by Stage. 


Smyrna, 


20 94 


Schenectady, by R. 


R. 16 


Deruyter, 


21 115 


Amsterdam, 


16 32 


Truxtun, 


10 125 


Caughnawag-a, 


11 43 


Cortlandt, 


13 138 


Palatine Bridge, 


11 54 


Ithaca, 


21 159 


Manheim, 


13 67 






Little Falls, 


7 74 


To SackeVs Harbor, by 


Herkimer, 


7 81 


Stage. 




Utica, 


15 961 


Utica, 


96 



ROUTES FROM ALBANY. 



Rome, 
Fish Creek, 
Redfield, 
Lorain, 
Adams, 



16 112 
11 123 
20 143 
16 159 

8 167 



Sacket's Harbor, 10 177 

To Bailslon and Saratoga by 

Rail Road. 
Schenectady, 16 

Ballston, 14 30 

Saratog'a, 6 36 

(thence to Lake George 

32 miles.) 

To Whitehall, by Champlain 

Canal. 

Trojr, 7 

Junction, 2 9 

Waterford, 2 11 

Mechanicsville, 8 19 

Stillwater. 4 23 

Bern us Heights, 3 26 

Schuylersville, 9 35 

Fort Miller, 5 40 

Fort Edward, 8 48 

Kingsbury, 5 53 

Fort Ann, 7 60 

Narrows, 6 66 

Whitehall, 6 72 

To Whitehall, by Stage. 



Troy, 

Lansingburg, 

Watertbrd, 

Mechanicsville, 

Stillwater, 

Schuylersville, 

Northumberland, 

Fori Miller, 



Fort Edward, 


8 


46 


Sandy Hill, 


3 


49 


Kingsbury, 


5 


54 


Fort Ann, 


4 


58 


Whitehall, 


14 


72 



To Montreal, by Stage and 

Steam Boat. 
Whitehall, as above, 72 

f Ticonderoga, 23 95 
Crown Point, 
ra I Basin Harbor. 
Essex, 



Burlington, 
S. Hero, 
^ I Plat'sburg, 



14 109 
12 121 

9 130 

15 145 
9 154 

8 162 

14 176 

15 191 

9 200 



I Isle au Noix, 

L St. Johns, 
La Prarie, by Stage, 17 217 
Montreal, by Steam 
Boat, 8 225 

To Burlington, Vt. via, 
Bennington, Middlebu- 
ry, ^c. by Stage. 

Sand Lake, U 

Berhn, 10 21 

Warm Spring, 8 29 

Pownall, 4 33 

Bennington, 8 41 

Shaftsbury, 8 49 

Sunderland, 8 57 

Manchester, 8 65 

Tinmouth, 18 83 

Rutland, 17 100 

Fittsford, 8 108 

Brandon, 9 117 

Middlebury, 16 133 

Vergennes, 14 147 



10 



ALB 



ARR 



Charlotte, 


9 156 


Northampton, 


Burlington, 


13 169 


Hadley, 






Belchertown, 


To Boston, by Stage. 


Western, 


Union, 


11 


Brookfield, 


Lebanon Spring, 


14 25 


Spencer, 


Pittsfield, 


7 32 


Worcester, 


Dalton, 


5 37 


Farmington, 


Peru, 


9 46 


Brookline, 


Worthington, 


9 55 


Boston, 


Chesterfield, 


5 60 





14 74 

4 78 
10 88 
14 102 

5 107 

8 115 

9 124 
21 145 
17 162 

4 166 



Co. 



Alboro Bay, U. C. (75.) 
Aldie, Va. (176.) 
Allegheny R. Pa. (103.) 
Allegheny Portage Rail R. 

see Pennsylvania, (130.) 
Allentown, Pa. (133) 
Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.) 

Alexandria, D. C. (176.) 
port of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies 
the southern angle of the District of Columbia. Popula- 
tion about 9,000. The public buildings are, a Court house, 
six churches, two banks, &c. 

(For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C.) 



Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) 
Alexandria, Me. (42.) 
Alexandria, II. (93.) 
Alexandria, Pa. (128.) 
Alexandria, Mo. (142.) 
Alexandria Canal, see 
lumbia, (176.) 
A neat and pleasant city and 



Alexandria, L. (294.) 
Alfred, Me. (63.) 
Alton, 11. (163.) 
Alston, S. C. (274.) 
Amboy, N.J. (134.) 
America, II. (185.) 
Amesville, O. (151.) 
Amhurst, U. C. (74.) 
Amhurst, N. H. (85.) 
Amhurst, C. H. Va. (195.) 
Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) 
Ameha 1., F. (318.) 
Amoskeag Canal, See New 
Hampshire, (62.) 



Alachua, F. (315.) 
Anastatia I., F. (330.) 
Annapolis, Md. (Capital of 

the State,) (177.) 
Andover, Mass. (85.) 
Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) 
Antwerp, N. Y. (34.) 
Andersonville, S. C. (252.) 
Angelica, N. Y. (78.) 
Anson, Me. (40.) 
Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) 
Applington, G. (271.) 
Arringtons, N. C. (216.) 



ARKANSAS. 1 1 

Arkansas, state of, (220) is divided into 33 counties. 
Population in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves; in 
1835, 58,134. Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little 
Rock. Metropolis, Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Long. 14° 21' 
W. General election in August. Legislature meet, every 
two years. Constitution formed, 1836. 

Government. — The Governor is elected for four years, 
but is not eligible more than eight years out of any period 
of twelve years. 

Legislature. — Consists of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives, styled the General Assembly. The senate can 
never consist of more than 33, nor less than 17 members. 
The House of Representatives of not less than 54, nor 
more than 100 representatives. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme 
Court, (3 Judges,) whose jurisdiction is appellate ; circuit 
courts, county courts, and justices of the peace. The offi- 
cial term of the judges of the supreme court, is eight years ; 
and those of the circuit court four years. Justices, who 
are elected by the people, hold their offices for two years. 
The Judges of county courts are chosen by the justices of 
the peace. 

Physical Structure. — In the eastern part of the Territory 
it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, 
hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country 
becomes mountainous, though level and elevated plains of 
considerable extent occur between the ridges. 

Rivers. — Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red,&c. 

Productions. — Cotton, Corn, Wheat ; the Peach, Grape, 
Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance. 

Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Fran- 
cis, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, LewisDurg, Helena^ 
Jefferson, Scotia, 6lc. 

Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) 
Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.) 

Arlington, Vt. (60.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.) 

Armagh, P. (129.) Athens, P. (106.) 

Ash, Va. (176.) Athens, O. (150.) 

Assateague I., Md. (178.) Athens, II. (164.) 
Asheville, N. C. (232.) Athens, T. (230.) 

Abhboro, N. C. (235.) Athens ,Ala. (247.) 



12 



ATI! 



BALLSTON. 



Athens, G. (270.) 
Atkins, Va. (213.) 
Atlas, II. (142.) 
Auburn, N. Y. (80.) 
Aug-usta, K. (170.) 
Augusta, Miss. (297.) 
Augusta, G. (272.) 
Aurora, N. Y. (80.) 



Aurora, II. (145.) 
Aurora, O. (101.) 
Austenville, Va. (214.) 
Autauga, Ala. (284.) 
Averysboro, N. C. (^36.) 
Avon, Me. (39.) 
Avon, N. Y. (79.) 



B. 



Balcony Falls Canal, see 

Virginia, (195.) 
Balize, Lou. (325.) 



Back Bay, Va. (219.) 
Bainbridge, O. (149.) 
Bainbridge, G. (303.) 

Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have 
long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are 
resorted to by many invalids and others. The waters re- 
semble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impreg- 
nated with the mineral ingredients. There are several 
good Hotels and private Boarding Houses, Reading Rooms, 
&c. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the 
most pleasant and salubrious places of resort in the country.^ 

ROUTES FROM BALLSTON. 

Saratoga Springs, 6 Waterford, by Stage, 22 

Saratoga Lake, 6 Glenn's Falls, 25 

Schenectady, by Rail R. 14 Lake George, 38 

Albany, « 30 

Ballsville, Va. (196.) 

Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, 
and the third in point of population in the United States. 
It occupies a favourable position, and appears to much ad- 
vantage on approaching it from the west. The country 
immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently eleva- 
ted to afford an extensive view of the city and its environs, 
and to render the entire landscape particularly attractive. 
Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of 
attention, are Washington Monument, at the intersection of 
Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a colo- 







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2 Cathedral 

3 Cuitorian Church 

4 St. Peters Do. 

5 St.Patiicks Do. 

6 St.PauVs Do. 

7 n-inity Do. 

9 Freshvterian Do. 

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11 (rennan Luth . Do. 

12 Baptist Do. 

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16 Vniversity 

17 Hospital 

18 Jims Bouse 
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20 Fetiitentiary 

21 jPr/jo« 

22 Court Mouse 

23 librarv 

24 Theatre 

25 Miseum 

26 Washington Monutn 
21 Battle Monument 

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29 Post mice 

30 MisonicBaU 

31 Waterlforks 

32 Bank of Baltimore 

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BALTIMORE. 



13 



sal statute of Washington, elevated 1 63 feet. Battle Monu- 
ment in Calvert street. Exchange in Gay street. City 
Spring in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. 
Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral; Custom House; 
two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House ; Court 
House ; two Theatres ; Museum ; Water Works, «&-c. Sic. 

ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE. 



To Philadelphia, by S. Boat 


To Washington by Stage. 


and Rail Road. 


Elkridge Landing, 


8 


Fort M'Henry, 3 


Waterloo, 


5 13 


Sparrows Pt. 6 9 


Vansville, 


10 23 


North Pt. 3 12 


Bladensburg, 


8 31 


Pool's Island, 13 25 


Washington, 


6 37 


Turkey Pt. 23 48 






Frenclilown, 16 64 


To Washington, by 


Steam 


N. Castle, by R. R. 16 80 


Boat. 




Chester, by S. Boat, 17 97 


Bodkin Pt. 


13 


Philadelphia, 18 115 


Herring Bay, 


32 45 




Patuxent, 


32 77 


To Philadelphia, by Steam 


Pt. Lookout, 


20 97 


Boat and Canal. 


Washington's B P. 


31 128 


Turkey Pt. as above, 48 


Matthews Pt. 


18 146 




f Bohemia, 10 58 


Cook's Ferry, 


23 169 




Deep Cut, 5 63 


Mt. Vernon, 


18 187 


1- 


St. Georges, 4 67 


Alexandria, 


9 196 


6^ 


Delaware City, 5 72 


Washington, 


8 204 




New Castle, 6 78 






Philadelphia, 35 113 


To Wheeling, Va. 


by Rail 




Road and Stage. 


To Philadelphia, by Stage. 


f Deep Cut, 


2 


Gunpowder V. 14 


, 


Washington road, 3 5 


Abingdon, 10 24 


T3 

g 


Still house run. 


1 6 


Havre De Grace, 10 34 


i- 


Patapsco river, 


4 10 


Elkton, 16 50 


Ellicolts, 


2 12 


Wilmington, 20 70 


^ 


Eagle Factory, 


2 14 


Chester, 13 83 




Crossing of Pa- 




Phi 


ladelphia, 15 98 

2 




. tapBco, 


15 26 



14 



BAL 



BAR 





fSykes, 


3 29 


To Frederick, 


by Stage. 


1 


Gillets run. 


6 35 


Ellicotts, 


10 


i- 


Parrsville, 


5 40 


Lisbon, 


12 22 


New Market, 


6 46 


Poplar Spring, 


5 27 


"3 


Monocacy river, 9 55 


Parrsville, 


4 31 




[Frederick, 


4 59 


New Market, 


5 36 


(Thence to the Pt. of 


Frederick, 


11 47 


Rocks, 11 miles.) 








Middletown, 


9 68 


To Annopolis 


by Stage. 


Boonsboro, 


7 75 


Patapsco R. 


7 


(Thence to Hagers- 




Indian Tianding 


14 21 


town 1 1 miles.) 




Annapolis, 


9 30 


Williamsport, 


12 87 






Big Spring, 


10 97 


To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage. 


Hancock, 


17 114 


Hookton, 


6 


Prattsville, 


18 132 


Reisterstown, 


11 17 




'Cumberland, 


21 153 


Westminster, 


12 29 




Mt. Pleasant, 


10 163 


Petersburg, 


15 44 


-6 


Petersburg, 


25 188 


Gettysburg, 


10 54 


J 


Smythfield, 


4 192 






— ' J 


Union, 


21 213 


To York, Pa. 


by Stage. 


S 1 


Brownsville, 


12 225 


Govanston, 


5 


.2 


Hillsboro, 


11 236 


Towsenton, 


2 7 


"eS 


Washington, 


12 248 


Golden Ho. 


7 14 


W. Alexandria 


, 15 263 


Hereford, 


7 21 




L Wheeling, 


16 279 


Wisebury, 


2 23 






Strasburg, 


11 34 








York, 


14 48 



Baltimore and Ohio Rail 
Road. See Maryland, 
(156.) 

Baltimore and Susquehanna 
Rail Road. See Mary- 
land, (156.) 

Baltimore and Port Deposit 
Rail Road. See Mary- 
land, (156.) 

Baltimore and Washington 
R. Road. See Md. (156.) 



Bangor, Me. (41.) 
Banister, Va. (216.) 
Barataria Bay, Lou. (323.) 
Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.) 
Barbourville, K. (211.) 
Bardstown, K. (189.) 
Bargain town, N. J. (158.) 
Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) 
Barnesville, O. (151.) 
Barnstable, Mass. (112.) 
Barnwell, S. C. (272.) 



BAR 



BOS 



15 



•Bartonville, Mo. (162.) 
Batavia, N. Y. (55.) 
Batesville, Ark. (223.) 
Bath, N. Y. (79.) 
Bath Rail Road. See New 

York, (79.) 
Bath, Va. (154.) 
Bath, N. C. (238.) 
Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.) 
Bays T., N. C. (231.) 
Beaufort, N. C. (258.) 
Beans Station, T. (211.) 
Beaver, P. (128.) 
Beaufort, S. C. (290.) 
Beardstown, II. (118.) 
Beck's Settlement, II. (144.) 
Bedford, N. Y. (109.) 
Bedford, P. (130.) 
Bellair, Md. (156.) 
Belle Fontaine, O. (125.) 
Belleville, II. (1G4. 
Bellville, K. (187.) 
Bellefonte, P. (131.) 
Belfast, Me. (40.) 
Belfont, Ala. (248.) 
Belgrade, 11.(186) 
Beelersville, F. (312.) 
Bellows Falls Canal. See 

Vermont, (61.) 
Belmont, P. (107.) 
Belpre, O. (151.) 
Belvedere, N.J. (133.) 
Bennetville, S. C. (255.) 
Bennington, Vt. (83.) 
Benton, Vt. (60.) 
Benton, Mo. (185.) 
Benton, Miss. (280.) 
Berkshire, Vt. (37.) 
Berlin, P. (154.) 
Berges, N. C. (236.) 



Berwick, P. (106.) 
Berkshire, O. (126.) 
Bcrtrand, Lou. (277.) 
Bethany, P. (107.) 
Bethania, N. C. (214.) 
Bethlehem, P. (133.) 
Beverly, Va.( 173.) 
Big Hatchee, R. T. (225.) 
Bird, N. C. (273.) 
Big Spring, K. (188.) 
B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.) 
Binghampton, N. Y. (81.) 
Blacksburg, Mich. (70.) 
Blacksburg, Va. (194.) 
Black's R. Ark. (204.) 
Black's BlufF, Ala. (299.) 
Blackwater, Va. (218.) 
Blakely, G. (301.) 
Blakely, Ala. (311.) 
Blandford, Mass. (84.) 
Block I., R.I. (111.) 
Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.) 
Bloomfield, K. (189.) 
Bloomfield, Ind. (146.) 
Bloomington, Ind. (146.) 
Blountville, T. (21?.) 
Blountsville, Ala. (248.) 
Boardman, O. (102.) 
Boat Yard, or Kingsport, 

T. (212.) 
Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.) 
Bolivar, Miss. (265.) 
Bolivar, T. (226.) 
Bolton, Mass. (85.) 
Boonville, N. Y. (58.) 
Boonville, Mo. (161.) 
Boonsville, Ind. (166.) 
Bordentown, N. J. (134.) 
Boston, xMe. (l9.) 



16 BOSTON. 

Bellows Falls Canal. See Virginia, (176.) 

Vermont, (61.) Blackstone Canal. See Mas- 

Belleplain Rail Road. See sachusetts, (85.) 

Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, 
and the fourth in magnitude in the United States. It is sit- 
uated on a peninsula, which extends in a nnrth-east direc- 
tion from the main land, with which it is connected by seve- 
ral bridges, in addition to the " neck" so called. Its outline 
is about five miles in extent. There are several thriving 
villages in the neighbourhood of Boston, which may be 
considered as parts of the city, though under different 
municipal regulations. 

The principal of these villages are Charlestown, Lechmere 
point, the Neck, and South Boston. The objects of interest, 
in and about Boston, are — Tremont house, in Common st, 
an immense hotel, containing 202 apartments. State house, 
opposite the common, (western part of the city.) Old State 
house. Court st. Faneuel hall, in Chatham street. Theatre, 
Federal street. Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of 
Washington in the state-house. Navy Yard, and Breed's 
hill, rendered memorable by the battle between the British 
and American forces, on the 17th of June, 1775, commonly 
called the battle of Bunker's Hill. 

Besides the buildings devoted to public uses, there is in 
Boston, an unusual proportion of splendid private dwellings, 
churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming 
altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union. 

ROUTES FROM BOSTON. 



To Albany by Stage 




Chesterfield, 14 106 


Brookline, 




4 


Peru, 14 120 


Farraingham, 


17 


21 


Dalton, 9 129 


Westboro, 


10 


31 


Pittsfield, _ 5 134 


Worcester, 


11 


42 


Lebanon Springs, 7 141 


Spencer, 


9 


51 


Albany, 25 166 


Brookfield, 


8 


59 





Belchertown, 


19 


78 


To Hartford, hy Stage. 


Hadley, 


10 


88 


Brookline, 4 


Northampton, 


4 


92 


Dover, 11 15 



ROUTES FROM BOSTOrC. 



17 



Med way, 


12 27 


Taunton, 


12 34 


Mendon, 


9 36 






Douglass, 


12 48 


To Barnstable, 


by Stage. 


Thompson, 


14 62 


Quincy, 


9 


Ashford, 


20 82 


Weymouth, 


6 15 


Willington, 


2 84 


Hanover, 


9 24 


Tolland, 


7 91 


Kingston, 


11 35 


Islington, 


5 96 


Plymouth, 


6 41 


Hartford, 


14 110 


Sandwich, 


18 59 






Barnstable, 


13 62 



To Protidence by Stage, and 
thence to Neic York by 
Steam Boat. 
Roxbury, 5 

Dedham, 5 10 

Wrentham, 18 28 

Attleboro, 7 35 

Pawtucket, 7 42 

Providence, 3 45 

Pawtuxet, 5 50 

Newport, 20 70 

Point Judith, 14 84 

New London Harb. 35 119 
(Thence to New London, 

4 miles.) 
Connecticut R. 14 133 

Falkner's Is. 19 152 

New Haven Harb. 12 164 
(Thence to N. Haven, 

4 miles.) 
Blackrock, 19 183 

Southport, 5 188 

Old well, 8 196 

West Greenwich, 16 2l2 
Throgs Pt. 19 231 

New York, 16 247 

To Taunton, by Stage. 
Dorchester, 7 

Bridgewater, 15 22 



To Rutland, Vt. by Stage. 

Cambridge, 4 

Concord, 14 18 

Groton, 14 32 

Townsend, 9 41 

New Ipswich, 12 53 

Keene, 27 80 

Bellows Falls, 20 100 

Chester, 13 113 

Cavendish, 12 125 

Rutland, 26 151 

To Concord, iV. H. and 
thence to Montpelier, Vt. 
by Stage. 

Medford, 6 

Stoneham, 4 10 

Andover, 11 21 

Methuen, 4 25 

Londonderry, 16 41 

Hookset Falls, 19 60 

Concord, 8 68 

Boscawen, 10 78 

Andover, Vt. 14 92 

Grantham, 22 114 

Dartmouth Col. 11 125 

Stratford, 16 141 

Chelsea, 9 150 

Barre, 15 165 



18 

Montpelier, 



BOS 



9 174 



To Portland, Me. by Stage. 

Saugus, 10 

Danvers, 7 17 

Topsfield, 6 23 

Rowley, 8 31 

Newbury port, 5 36 

Hampton, 9 45 

Portsmouth, 13 58 

York, 9 67 

Wells, 15 82 

Kennebunk, Pt. 6 88 

Saco, 10 98 

Portland, 16 114 

To Newburyport, via Salem, 

by Stage. 

Chelsea, 5 

Lynn, 5 10 

Salem, 5 15 

Beverly, 2 17 

Wenham, 4 2! 

Hamilton, 2 23 

Ipswich, 5 28 

Newburyport, 10 38 



BRI 

To Portland, by Steam-boat. 

Point Shirley, 4 

Nahant, 6 10 

Marblehead, 6 16 

Salem Harbor, 3 19 
(Thence to Salem, 

5 miles.) 

Gloucester Harb, 8 27 
(Thence to Gloucester, 

4 miles.) 

Cape Ann, 10 37 

Newbury Harb. 16 53 

Boars Head, 7 60 

Portsmouth Harb. 12 72 

York Harb. 5 77 

-Kennebunk H. 12 89 

Fletcher's Neck, 12 101 

Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 

Portland, 10 124 

Miscellaneous Routes by 
Steam Boats. 

Fort Warren, 2 

Fort Independence, 3 

Long Island, 6 

Pt. Alderton, 10 

The Brewsters, 10 



Boston and Lowell Rail 
Road. See Massachusetts, 
(85.) 

Boston and Providence Rail 
Road. See Massachusetts, 

Boston and Worcester Rail 
Road. See Massachusetts, 
(85.) 
Boston, 0.(101.) 
Boston, N. Y. (78.) 
Bowling-green, Va. (176.) 
Bowling-green, Mo. (141.) 



Bowling-green, K. (188.) 
Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) 
Bowerbank, Me. (19.) 
Bow Canal. See New Hamp- 
shire, (62.) 
Boydtown, Va. (216.) 
Brandon, Vt. (60.) 
Brandon, Miss. (280.) 
Brattleboro, Vt. (&4.) 
Brasstown, N. C. (230.) 
Brashears, Miss. (280.) 
Bridge Town, Md. (157.) 
Bridgetown, N. J. ( 157.) 



BRI 



BUFFALO. 



19 



Bridgetown, Me. (63.) 
Bridge Town, D. ( 1 78.) 
Bridgetown Va. (198.) 
Bridgewater, Ala. (247.) 
Bristol, R. I. (111.) 
Brockpjrt, U. C. (34.) 
Brockport, N. Y. {55.) 
Brooktield, Mass. (Hi.) 
Brooklyn, C. (111.) 
Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) 
Brookville, Ind. (148.) 
Brookville, Md. (156.) 
Brownington, Vt. (37.) 
Brownstown, Mich. (73.) 

Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake 
Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. 
Population about 16,000. The public buildings are a court- 
house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &-c. Stages, 
steam-boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from 
Buffalo almost every hour. 

ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. 



Brownsburg, T. (225.) 
Brownsville, P. (120.) 
Brownstown, Ind. (168.) 
Bruinsville, II. (185.) 
Browns, G. (250.) 
Brownsburg, Miss. (295.) 
Brunswick, Me. (63.) 
Brunswick, N.J. (134.) 
Brunswick, N. C. (256.) 
Bryan C. H., G. (281.) 
Buchannan, Va. (152.) 
Buckstown, Me. (41.) 
Buffalo, Va. (172.) 



To Albany, by 


the Erie 


New Boston, 12 213 


Canal. 




Canistota, 4 217 


Tonnewanta, 


11 


Rome, 21 238 


Pendleton, 


12 23 


Whitesboro, 11 249 


Lock port, 


7 30 


Utica, 4 253 


Albion, 


28 58 


Herkimer, 15 268 


Holly, 


10 68 


Little Falls, 7 275 


Brockport, 


5 73 


Canajoharie, 19 294 


Ogden, 


8 81 


Caughnewaga, 12 306 


Rochester, 


12 93 


Amsterdam, 11 319 


Fairport, 


18 111 


Schenectady, 18 335 


Palmyra, 


11 122 


Troy, 21 356 


Lyons, 


15 137 


Albany, 7 363 


Montezuma, 


20 1.57 




Jordan, 


15 172 


To Albany, by Stage. 


Syracuse, 


20 192 


Williamsville; 10 


Manilas, 


9 201 


Ransoms, 8 18 



20 



ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. 



Pembroke, 


8 26 


Batavia, 


14 40 


Leroy, 
Avon, 


10 50 
14 64 


Lima, 


7 71 


Bloomfield, 


9 80 


Canandaigua, 
Geneva, 


9 89 
16 105 


Cayuga, 
Auburn, 


14 119 

9 128 


Skaneateles, 
Westhills, 


7 135 
14 149 


Manlius, 


12 161 


Lenox, 


14 175 


Vernon, 


9 184 


Utica, 


17 201 


Herkimer, 


15 216 


Little Falls, 


7 223 


Paiantine Bridge, 


20 243 


Amsterdam, 


22 265 


Schenectada, 


16 281 



Albany by R. Road, 16 297 

To Niagara Falls, hy Stage. 
Blackrock, 1 

Chippewa, 16 17 

Niagara Falls, 2 19 

To Niagara Falls, by Stage, 

via Manchester. 
Blackrock, 1 

Tonnevvanta, 8 9 

Schlosser, 10 19 

The Falls, 2 21 

To Rochester, by Stage. 
Batavia, as above, 40 

Bergen, ]3 53 

Rochester, 17 70 



To Erie, Pa, by Stage. 

Hamburg, 11 

Catteraugus, 19 30 

Dunkirk, ]5 45 

Westfield, 15 60 

Biirget's town, 16 76 

Erie, 14 90 

To Erie, and thence to De- 
troit, by Steam Boat. 
Cattaraugus, 28 

Dunkirk, 13 41 

Westfield, 15 56 

Erie, 30 86 

Fairport, 74 160 

Cleveland, 30 190 

Sandusky, 60 250 

Detroit, 75 325 

To Hamilton, by Stage. 
Hamburg, 11 

Boston, 12 23 

Springville, 10 33 

Ellicottville, 16 49 

Hamilton, 20 69 



To Ithaca, b 


y Stage. 


Aurora, 


15 


Warsaw, 


26 41 


Perry, 


8 49 


Moscow, 


7 56 


Geneseo, 


4 60 


Dansville, 


18 78 


Conhocton, 


8 86 


Bath, 


20 106 


Jersey, 


10 116 


Saiubria, 


15 131 


Ithaca, 


20 151 



BUL 



CAP. 



21 



To Ithaca, via Batavia and I Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132 

Cayuga Lake. \ Milton, do. 7 139 

Cayuga, as above, 119 I Ludlowsville, do. 10 149 

Union, by Steam B. 6 125 | Ithaca, do. 8 157 



Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.) 
Bulltown,' Va. (173.) 
Burksville, K. (209.) 
Burfrettstown, P. (77.) 
Burlington, Vt. (36.) 
Burlington, N. Y. (81.) 
Burlington, N. J. (134.) 
Burlington, K. (148.) 



Burlington, Ind. (146.) 
Burlington, O. (171.) 
Burnlhorn, Ala. (299.) 
Bushville, P. (108.) 
Butler, P. (120.) 
Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.) 
Byron, G. (302.) 
Byron, Mich. (73.) 



C. 



Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) 
Cadiz, K. (207.) 
Cadiz, O. (127.) 
Cahawba R. Ala. (267.) 
Cahavvba, Ala. (283.) 
Calcasiu R. Lou. (306.) 
Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) 
Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) 
Caledonia, Mo. (184.) 
Calhoun, T. (230.) 
Cambridge O. (127.) 
Cambridge, Md. (177.) 
Cambridge, S. C. (253.) 
Camden, Me. (40.) 
Camden, N. J. (157.) 
Camden and Amboy Rail 

Road. See New Jersey, 

(134.) 
Camden, S. C. (254.) 
Campbellsville, K. (189.) 
Campbells T. (230.) 
Campbells, N. C. (255.) 
Campbellton, G. (269.) 
Canandaigua, N. Y. (79.) 
Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) 



Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) 
Canadea, N. (Y. 78.) 
Canfield, O. (102.) 
Canton, N. Y. (34.) 
Canton, Ind. (145.) 
Canton, O. (127.) 
Canton, Ala. (283.) 
Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) 
Cantwell, D. (157.) 
Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.) 
Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) 
C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) 
Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) 
Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) 
Cape Henlopen, D (178.) 
Cape May, N. J. (179.) 
Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) 
Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) 
Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.) 
Cape Charles, Va. (199.) 
Cape Henry, Va. (199.) 
Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) 
Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) 
Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) 
Cape St. Bias, F. (326.) 



22 



CAP 



CHARLESTON. 



Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) 
Cape St. George, F. (327.) 
Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) 
Carrolton, II. (143.) 
Carrolton, G. (268.) 
Carlisle, Penn. (131.) 
Carlisle, Ind. (166.) 
Carlisle, K. (17U.) 
C^rlyle, II. (164.) 
Cdrmi, II. (165.) 
Carman, N. Y. (136.) 
Carnesville, G. (251.) 
Carney, G. (305.) 
Cartersville, Va. (196.) 
Carthage, N. C. (235.) 
Carthage N. Y. (58.) 
Carthage, T. (209.) 
Casco Bay, Me. (63.) 
Castine, Me. (41.) 
CatskiU, N. Y. (83.) 
Catskill and Canajoharie R. 

Road. See N. Y. (82.) 
Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) 
Catletsburg, K. (171.) 
Catawba R., N. C. (233.) 
Catawba Canals. See S. 

Carolina, (254.) 
Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.) 

Charleston, S. C. (291.) The metropolis of the State of 
South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of 
population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, in- 
cluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated on the point of junc- 
tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and 
form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- 
house in Mazyck street; the Orphan's Asylum ; Exchange ; 
Circular Church; Court-house and City Hall in Broad st.; 
Medical College in Short street; Academy of Arts and 
Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina Society's Hall ; 
Hospital in Back street, and about twenty churches, some 
of which are very splendid. 



Cavendish, Vt. ^61.) 
Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) 
Cayuga Lake, N. Y. (80.) 
Cedar Bay, N. J. (168.) 
Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) 
Central Rail Road. See 

Pennsylvania, (132.) 
Centreville, O. (150.) 
Centreville, Md. (157.) 
Centreville, Va. (176.) 
Centreville, K. (187.) 
Centreville, Ala. (28.3.) 
Centreville, Pa. (103.) 
Centre, N. Y. (81.) 
Centre, P. (103.) 
Ceres, P. (104.) 
Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) 
Champlain, N. Y. (36.) 
Champlain Canal. See 

New York, (60.) 
Chambersburg, P. (155.) 
Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) 
Chaplin T., K. (209.) 
Charleston, N. H. (61.) 
Charleston, Va. (155.) 
Charleston, Ind. (168.) 
Charleston, Va. (172,) 



CHARLESTON. 
ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 



23 



To Hamburg, 
hy S. C. Rail Road. 
To Woodstock, 15 

Sumniersville, 7 22 

Branchville, 40 62 

Midway, 10 72 

Blacksville, 8 90 

Aiken, 30 120 

Hamburg, 16 136 

To Columbia, by Stage. 
Dorchester, 20 

Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 
Kerrs, 14 51 

Orangeburg, 25 76 

Conheim, 25 101 

Columbia, 13 114 

To Savannah, Ga. by Stage. 

Guerin's Ferry, 11 

Parker's, 17 28 

Pocataligo, 32 60 

Coosavvhatchie, 6 66 

Hoggstown, 17 83 

Savaimah, 23 106 

To Savannah, by Steam 
Boat. 

Fort Moultrie, 4 

Coffin Land, 6 10 

Stono Inlet, 11 21 

So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48 

St. Helena So. 3 51 

Truncard's Inlet, 21 72 

Hilton Head, 4 76 

Chardon, O. (101.) 
Charlottsville, Va. (175.) 



Bloody Point, 


18 94 


Savannah, 


17 111 


To Wilmington, N. C. via 


Georgetowr 


. 


Jones', 


33 


N. Santee R. 


12 45 


Georgetown, 


14 59 


Gr. Pedee R. 


26 85 


Conwayboro, 


15 100 


Lit. River Inlet, 


27 127 


Brunswick C. H. 


24 151 


Brunswick, 


17 168 


Oldtown, 


8 176 


Wilmington, 


8 184 


To Fayettville, 


N. C. 


by Stage. 




Quinby Br. 


25 


Santee R. 


19 44 


Black Cr. 


15 59 


Port's F. 


34 93 


L. Pedee R. 


30 123 


Lumberton, 


34 157 


Fayetteville, 


32 189 



To Cheraw, by Stage, 

Bedheimer's, 24 

Monk's Corner, 9 33 

Gourdine's F. 25 58 

Kingstree, 14 72 

Lynch's Cr. 28 100 

Darlington, 19 119 

Society Hill, 14 133 

Cheraw, 13 146 

Charlotte, N.C. 234.) 
Charlotte, T. (207.) 



24 



CHA 



cm 



Chatgugay, L. C. (15.) 
Chattahochie, G. (269.) 
Chattahochie River, Ala. 

(301.) 
Chattahochie R., G. (250.) 
Chatham, Mass. (112.) 
Chaumont, N. Y. (33.) 
Chagrine, O. (101.) 
Chehaw, G. (286.) 
Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) 
Chelsea, Vt. (61 .) 
Cheeks, T. (211.) 
Chemung Canal. See New 

York, (80.) 
Chevango Canal. See New 

York, (80.) 
Cheraw, S. C. (255.) 
Cherokee, G. (249.) 
Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) 
Chester, N. Y. (60.) 
Chester, Vt. (61.) 
Chester, N. H. (85.) 
Chester, Pa. (157.) 
Chester T., Md. (156.) 



Chesterville, Me. (39.) 
Chesterville, S. C. (253.) 
Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) 
Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) 
Chesapeake and Delaware 

Canal See Md. (157.) 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 

See Md. (157.) 
Chicago, II. (95.) 
Chickasaws, Miss. (245.) 
Cliichis, Texas, (293.) 
Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) 
Chillicothe, O. (149.) 
Chipola F. (314.) 
Chippeway, U. C. (54.) 
Chiswell, Va. (198.) 
Chittenango Canal. See 

New York, (80.) 
Cholsonville, Va, (217.) 
Chowan Navigation, See 

Virginia, (218.) 
Christianburg, Va. (194.) 
Christianville, Va. (216.) 
Church, N. C. (257.) 



Cincinatti, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of 
Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present 
(1837,) is about 42,000, and is rapidly increasing. The 
public buildings consist of, a Court-house in Tenth street ; 
four Market-houses; Bazaar in Third street; Theatre in 
Second street; Banks; College in Walnut street; Alhe- 
neum in Sycamore street ; Medical College in Sixth street; 
Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street; two Museums, 
one in Main, and the other in Fourth street; Hospital in 
Plum street; Lunatic Asylum; High school, and about 
twenty-seven churches. 

ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 



To Louisville., by Steam-boat. 
Lawrenceburg, 24 



Aurora, 
Rising Sun, 



28 
35 




I 
=1^ 






5 y-\^'^^ 
















i*^ 

Hv 




5=1 






1^ S^iJSS^SSSi 



5 i<S^ •=vt5 5 



I 





ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 



25 



Fredericksburg, 20 55 
Vevay, 10 65 

Fort William, 10 75 

Madison, 13 88 

Westport, 21 109 

Jeffersonville, 22 131 

Louisville 1 132 

Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 
Miles. See Louisville. 



To Pittsburg, by 

New Richmond, 

Pt. Pleasant, 

Moscow, 

Mechanicsville, 

Augusta, 

Ripley, 

Maysville, 

Manchester, 

Portsmouth, 

Burlington, 

Guyandot, 

Galli polls, 

Pt. Pleasant, 

Letart's Is. 

Belville, 

Parkersburg, 

Marietta, 

Newport, 

Sistersville, 

Elizabethtown, 

Wheeling, 

Warrentown, 

Wellsburg, 

Steubenville, 

Fawcetstown, 

Beaver, 

Economy, 

Middletown, 

Pittsburg, 



S. Boats. 
21 
5 
6 
3 
6 
9 
7 
10 



36 103 
41 144 

7 151 

34 185 
3 188 

29 217 

30 247 
17 264 
13 277 

16 293 

17 310 

35 345 
13 358 

8 366 

6 372 

7 379 
22 401 
19 420 

9 429 
9 438 

11 449 



To Dayton, by Canal. 

Reading, 12 

Hamilton, 16 28 

Middletown, 14 42 

Franklin, 6 48 

Miamisburg, 6 54 

Dayton, 14 68 

To Columbus, by Stage. 
Reading, 10 

Sharon, 5 15 

Lebanon, 16 31 
Waynesville, 9 40 

Xenia, 15 55 

Charleston, 18 73 

London, 1 1 84 

George sville, 12 96 

Columbus, 13 109 

To Greenville, by Stage. 
Mt. Pleasant, 11 

Hamilton, 12 23 

New comb, 18 41 

Eaton, 8 49 

Greenville, 28 77 

To Indianapolis, by Stage. 



Miami, 


15 


Harrison, 


8 23 


Brookville, 


17 40 


Somerset, 


11 51 


Rushville, 


14 65 


Indianapolis, 


40 105 


To Louisville, 


by Stage. 


Lawrenceville, 


23 


Madison, 


34 57 


Louisville, 


38 95 



2b ciN 




CLEVELAND. 


To Lexington, 


by Stage. 


To Chillicothe, by Stage. 


Newport, 


1 


Newton, 8 


Gaines, 


12 13 


Batavia, 15 23 


Theobolds, 


12 25 


Williamsburg, 8 31 


Georgetown, 


29 54 


Hillsboro, 28 59 


Lexington, 


13 67 


Bainbridge, 22 81 
Chillicothe, 18 99 



Cinthiana, K. (169.) Clarksville, G. (251.) 

Circleville, O. (150.^ Clarksville, Ala. (298.) 

Claiborne, Ala. (299.) Clarktown, N. Y. (109.) 

Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Claytonville, G. C251.) 

Clarksburg, Md. (155.) Clearfield, Pa. (104.) 

Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clermont, N. Y. (83.) 

Clarksville, T. (207.) 

Cleveland, O. (101,) is a place of considerable trade, 
being situated on the northern termination of the Ohio and 
Erie Canal. 

ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND. 



To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. 

Fairport, 30 

Erie, 74 104 

Westfield, 30 134 

Dunkirk, 15 149 

Cattaraugus, 13 162 

Buffalo, 28 190 

To Detroit, by Steam Boat. 

Huron, 50 

Sandusky, 10 60 

Detroit, 75 135 



To Portsmouth, by 
Akron, 
New Portage, 
Massillon, 
Bolivar, 

New Philadelphia, 
Gnadenhutten, 
Coshocton, 
Newark, 
Bloom field, 
Circleville, 
Chillicothe, 
Piketon, 
Portsmouth, 



Canal. 
38 



47 

68 
80 
94 



13 107 

26 133 
40 173 
52 225 
11 236 
20 256 
24 280 

27 307 



Clinton, N. Y. (58.) 
Clinton, T. (210.) 
Clinton, K. (206.) 
Chnton, Lou. (308.) 
Clinton, G. (270.) 



Clover Ball, Va. (174.) 
Clvhfoot Canal. See N. C. 

(258.) 
Coal M., Pa. (104.) 



COD 



COLUMBIA. 



27 



Colcraine, N. C. (218.) 
Coleraine, G. (317.) 
Coles, Va. (215.) 
Coles, N. C. (218.) 
Colington, F. (327.) 
Coolidge, Ala. (298.) 



Codorus Navigation. See Fa. 

(132.) 
Colchester, C. (110.) 
Coldcamp, N. C. (256.) 
Cochecton, N. Y. (107.) 
Coleman, Lou. (307.) 
Coleraine, Pa. (148.) 

Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two coun- 
ties. Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. 
Capital, City of Washington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other 
towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria. 

Rivers, — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im- 
provements. — Alexandria Canal, extends from the point of 
termiiiation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at George- 
town to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 
See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail Roads. 
See Maryland. 



Columbia, N. H. (38.) 
Columbia, Me. (42.) 
Columbia, P. (132.) 
Columbia, Mo. (161). 



Columbia, Ind. (166.) 
Columbia, K., (189.) 
Columbia, Va. 186.) 
Columbia, T. (227.) 



Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capitol of the state of South 
Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to 
New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. 
College, are the chief buildings. 

ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. 



To Charleston, by Stage, via 

Orangeburg. 
Granby, 1 

Conheim, 12 13 

Orangeburg, 25 38 

Kerrs, 25 63 

Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 
Dorchester, 17 94 

Charleston, 20 114 



To Augusta, Ga., by Stage. 

Lexington C. H. 12 

Leesville, 17 29 

Lumkins, 6 35 

Lotts, 12 47 

Edgefield, 10 57 

Augusta, 15 72 



28 



COLUMBUS. 



To FayetieviUe, N. C, by 

Stage. 
Colonels Cr. 
Ferry over Wateree, 14 
Camden, 



Debrules, 
Sander?, 
Black Cr. 
Cheraw, 
Boundary, 
Laurel Hill, 
Lumber R. 
Fayetteville, 



2 
12 
12 

9 
22 



15 102 

13 115 

9 124 

24 148 



To Yorkville, by Stage. 
Round Top, 10 

Winnsboro, 19 29 



Chesterville, 



Yorkville, 22 76 

(Thence to Salisbury, N. C. 
74 miles.) 

To Greensville, hy Stage. 



Lexington C. H. 
Saluda R. 
New^berry, 
Belfast, 
Huntsville, 
Laurensville, 
Reedy R. 
Greenville, 

To Winsboro, 

— RufF's Ferry, 

— N. Edisto River, 



12 
26 
43 
59 
67 
76 
95 



25 54 — M'Cord's Ferry, 



19 114 

29 
39 
22 
33 



Columbia, N. C (938.) Columbiana, O. (128.) 

Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.) 

Columbus, O. (140.) capitol of the state, founded in 1812. 
Population, about 4,500, and rapidly increasing. Public 
buildings : State-house ; Court-houss ; State offices ; Peni- 
tentiary, &c. 

ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS- 



To Cincinnati 


by Stase. 


Circleville, 


9 


26 


Georgeville, 


13 


Chillicothe, 


19 


45 


London, 


12 25 


Piketon, 


19 


64 


Charleston, 


11 36 


Lucasville, 


13 


77 


Xenia, 


18 54 


Portsmouth 


13 


90 


Waynesville, 


15 69 


— 


— 




Lebanon, 


9 78 


To Athens 


by Stage 




Sharon, 


16 94 


Lythopolis, 




21 


Reading, 


5 99 


Green Castle, 


4 


25 


Cincinnati, 


10 109 


liancaster. 


7 


32 






Logan, 


17 


44 


To Portsmouth 


, hy Stage. 


Nelson ville, 


16 


65 


Bloomfield, 


n 


Millville, 


4 


69 






Athens, 


7 


76 



To Wheeling, 


Va 


CONC 

by the 


ORD. 

Jackson, 


12 105 


National Road. " 


Medina, 


12 117 


Hebron, 




28 


Cleveland, 


27 144 


Zanesville, 




27 55 






Cambridge, 




25 80 


To Portsmouth 


by Canal. 


Fairvievv, 




21 101 


Junction, 


10 


St. Clairsville, 




24 125 


Bloomfield, 


7 17 


Wheeling, 




10 135 


Circleville, 
Chillicothe, 


11 28 

20 48 


To Portland, 


'by 


Stage. 


Piketon, 


24 72 


Worlhington, 




9 


Portsmouth, 


27 99 


Delaware, 




17 26 






Norton, 




11 37 


To Cleveland, 


by Canal. 


Bucyrus 




26 63 


Hebron, 


34 


Portland, 




55 118 


Newark, 
Coshocton, 


10 44 

40 84 


To Cleveland, 


by 


Stage. 


Gnadenhutten, 


26 110 


Granville, 




27 


Bolivar, 


26 136 


Mt. Vernon, 




20 47 


Massillon, 


12 148 


Loudonville, 




24 71 


Akron, 


33 181 


Wooster, 




22 93 


Cleveland, 


37 218 



Columbus Canal. See Ohio. Columbus, G. (285.) 
(149.) Competition, Va. (215.) 

Columbus, K. (206.) Coombsville, K. (189.) 

Columbus, Miss. (265.) Compte, Lou. (293.) 

Cornells, Ala. (285.) 

Cjncord, N. H. (62.) Capital of the state of New Hamp- 

shire. 

ROUTES FROM CONCORD. 



To Boston, by Stage. 
Hookset Falls, 
Londonderry, 
Methuen, 
Andover, 
Stoneham, 
Medford, 
Boston, 



ige. 


8 


19 


27 


16 


43 


4 


47 


11 


58 


4 


62 


6 


68 



3* 



To Montpelier, Vi. by Stage. 

Boscawen, 10 

Andover, 14 24 

Grantham, 22 46 

Dartsmouth Col. U 57 

Stratford, 16 73 

Chelsea, 9 82 

Barre, 15 97 

Montpelier, 9 106 



30 CONNECTICUT. 



To Portsmouth, by Stage. 
Deerfield, 18 

Nottingham, 6 24 

Denham, 10 34 

Newing-ton, 5 39 

Portsmouth, 7 46 



To White Hills, by Stage. 
Boscawen, 10 

Bristol, 22 32 

Plymouth, 13 45 

Thornton, 12 57 

Peehng, 11 68 

Bethlehem, 19 87 

Mt. Washington, 15 102 
Concord, N. Y, (83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.) 

Concord, N. C. (234.) Cornwall, Can. (14.) 

Concordia, L. (295.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.) 

Conestoga Navigation. See Conneaught, O. ( 1 02.) 

Pennsylvania, (132.) Connecticut R. (38.) 

Covington, N. Y. (78.) 

Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. 
Population in 1830, 297,711. :Area, 5,100 square miles. 
Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New- 
Haven. Lai. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General 
Election, first Monday in April ; Legislature meet first 
Wednesday in May; Constitution formed, 1818. 

Government. — The Governor is elected annually; salary 
$1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum. 

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and 
consists of tvventy-one senators, and 208 members of the 
House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of 
the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day. 

The General Assembly has one stated session every year, 
alternately at Hartford and New Haven. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme 
Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts 
as the Legislature may establish. The judges are appointed 
by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and 
Superior courts hold their offices during good behaviour, 
but not beyond the age of seventy years. 

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1,100 
per annum The four Associate Jndges $1,050 each. 

Physical Structure. — The State of Connecticut is natu- 
rally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and 
Housatonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, 
having but few, if any elevations deserving tlie name of 



COP CRO 31 

mountains. The middle section, or tliat portion of the state 
lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the 
Housatonic on the West, is strictly a mountainous region, 
especially on the N. W. part of it. The third, or western 
section is, with the exception of the southern portion of Fair- 
field county, composed almost entirely of hills and moun- 
tains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,500 feet. 

Rivers. — Housatonic, Saugatuck, Connecticut, Farming- 
ton, Thames, Quinebaug, and Shetucket. 

Towns. — Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New Lon- 
don and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Bridgeport, 
Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, 
Waterbury, &c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small 
grains ; flax, hemp, &c. &:c. 

Internal Improvements. — Farmington Canal extends 
from New Haven to the north boundary of the state. It is 
proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further 
distance of 22 miles; entire length so far as completed 56 
miles ; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield 
falls in Connecticut River. Length 5| miles. 
Coffeeville, Ala. (298.) Cotton port, Ala. (248.) 

Coteau du Lac, Can. (14.) Covington, G. (270.) 
Connecuh R., Ala. (.300.) Covington, Lou. (309.) 

Connelsville, Pa. (129.) Covington, T. (225.) 

Constant, N. C. (218.) Coshatta Indians, L. (306.) 

Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Coeymans, N. Y. (83.) 

Coupee, Lou. (308.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) 

Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Covington, P. (105.) 

Conwayboro, S. C. (274.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.) 

Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Coshatta Village, Ark, (277.) 
Conyngham, P. (106.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.) 

Covington, II. (164.) Crafisburv, Vt. (37.) 

Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.) 

Corydon, In. (167.) Crocket, N. C. (254.) 

Coopersport, P. (104.) Croghanville, O. (99.) 

Cote Sans dessein, Mo. (162.) Crooked Lake Canal, see N. 
Coosa, Ala. (267.) York, (79.) 

Coosawatchie, S. C. (290.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) 
Coosa R. Ala. (267.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) 



32 



CRO 



Crolon, N.York, (109.) 
Crown Point, N. Y. (60.) 
Crow Town, Ala. (249.) 
Cruaers T., xMd. (155.) 
CufFey T., S. C. (271.) 
Culbreaths, S. C. (271.) 
Cumberland, Md. (154.) 
Cumberland, Va. (1 97.) 
Cumberland R., K. (207.) 



DELAWARE. 

Cumberland R. K. &- T. 

(2(9.) 
Cumberland I., G. (318.) 
Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.) 
Cumberland and Oxford 

Canal, see Maine, (63.) 
Cunningham, Id. O. (iOO.) 
Currituck inlet, N. C. (219.) 
Curwinville, P. (104.) 
Cuthbert, G. (302.) 



Duguidsville, Va. (195.) 
Dalesville, Ala. (301.; 
Dallas, T. (229.) 
Damascus, O. (98.) 
Damascus, P. (107.) 
Dan Navigation, see Virg. 

(215.) 
Danbury, C. (109.) 
3)anbury N. C. (215.) 
Danby, Vt. (61.) 
Dandridge, T. (231.) 
Danielsville, G. (251.) 
Danville, P. (132.) 
Dansville, N. Y. (79.) 



Danville, Vt. (37.) 
Danville, II. (121.) 
Danville, K. (190.) 
Danville, Va. (215.) 
Darlington,S. C. (^255.) 
Darlington, C. H.,S. C, (256.) 
Darien, G. (305.) 
Davidsonville, Ark. (204.) 
Davis, Va. (217.) 
Dayton, O. (148.) 
Decatur, II. (144.) 
Decatur, G. (269.) 
Dedham, Mass. (85.) 
Defiance, O. (98.) 



Delavi^are, state of^ (157,) is divided into three counties, 
Population 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 
square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; 
Lat 39° 44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General Election, first 
Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in 
January, biennially. Constitution formed, 1792. 

Government. — Governor, term of office four years; elect- 
ed by the people ; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second 
time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. 
House of Representatives composed of twenty -one members. 

Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; 
a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphan's court ; 



DEL DET 33 

a court of oyer and terminer ; and some other minor 
courts. 

Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this 
State are level. In the Northern part of New Castle county- 
hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re- 
markable features in the natural geography of the state, is 
the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main 
ridge, from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake 
Bay on the West and Delaware on the East. 

Riters. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion, Duck, Brandy- 
wine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, 
Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay. 

Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, 
buckwheat, &c. 

Towns. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware 
City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware 
canal from Delaware to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. 
New Castle and French town Rail Road extends from New 
Castle to French town, length 16 19-100 miles. A Rail 
Road to extend from Wilmington to Duwningtown in 
Pennsylvania is proposed. 

Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) 

Delaware, R. P. (134.) Delphi, Ind. (122.) 

Delaware Bay, N. J. ( 157.) Demopolis, Ala. (283.) 

Delaware, Va, (198.) Demints, 11. (165.) 

Delaware Sf Raritan Canal., Denton, Md. (178.) 

see N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.) 

Delaware & Raritan Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.) 

see N, Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.) 

Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.) 

Detroit, Mich. (74.) This is the present capital of the 
state of Michigan. Its population is now (1837,) about 
6,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The public 
buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, 
churches, 6lc. 



34 DETROIT. 

ROUTES FROM DETROIT. 



To Cincinnati, 


by Staore. 


Factory, 


16 102 


R. Rogue, 


6 


Post O. St. Joseph 


s 


Brovvnstown, 


10 16 


River, 


50 1.52 


Monroe, 


}9 35 


Edwardsville, 


20 172 


Perrysbur^, 


30 65 


Calamic River, 


81 253 


Finley, 


40 105 


Chicago, 


14 267 


Hardin, 


.31 136 






Bellefontaine, 


22 158 


To Chicago, via Montcalm. 


West Liberty, 


8 166 


Schwartzburg, 


20 


Urbana, 


11 177 


Dexter, 


29 49 


Springfield, 


14 191 


Montcalm, 


25 74 


Yellow Springs, 


9 200 


Kalinazoo, 


63 137 


Xenia, 


9 209 


„MouthofSt. 




Waynesville, 


15 224 


Joseph's 


47 184 


Lebanon, 


9 233 


Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 


Reading, 


21 254 






Cincinnati, 


10 264 


To Chicago, by Steam Boat. 






Grants Pt. 


12 


To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. 


Horsons I. 


18 30 


Sandwich, 


3 


Cottrellville, 


8 38 


Fighting Island, 


5 8 


Palmer, 


12 50 


Grosse I. 


7 15 


Eunceville, 


6 56 


Amlierstburg, 


4 19 


Fort Gratiot, 


7 63 


Middle Sister, 


20 39 


White Rock, 


42 105 


Bass I. 


17 56 


Pt. au Barques, 


35 140 


Sandusky, 


19 75 


Thunder Island, 


30 170 


Cleveland, 


60 135 


Middle I. 


25 195 


Fairport, 


30 165 


Presque I. 


60 255 


Erie, Pa. 


74 239 


Mackinaw, 


55 310 


Westfield, 


30 269 


Beaver I. 


45 355 


Dunkirk, 


15 284 


Manitou I. 


35 390 


Cattaraugus, 


13 297 


Chicago, 


250 640 


Buffalo, 


28 325 










To Ft. Howard, Green Bay 


To Chicago, by Stage. 


by Steam Boat. 


R. Rouge, 


10 


Beaver I. as above, 


355 


Ypsilanti, 


18 28 


I. Brule, 


30 385 


Jackson, 


11 39 


G. Traverse, 


10 395 


Jonesville, 


47 86 







Die 




EASTON. 35 


Chambers I. 


25 420 


Saginaw, 34 93 


Green I. 


15 435 




Fort Howard, 


40 475 


To Fort Gratiot, by Stage. 




- 


Mt. Clemens, 20 


To Saginaw, 


by Stage. 


Palmer, 26 46 


Pontiac, 


24 


Bunceville, 6 52 


Indian Vil. 


35 59 


Ft. Gratiot, 7 59 



Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) 
Dismal Swamp Canal. See 

Va. (218.) 
Dittos, Ala. (248.) 
Dixmont, Me. (40.) 
Dixon's F., II. (93.) 
Doaks, Miss. (280.) 
Dobson, N. C. (214.) 
Doby Inlet, G. (305.) 
Doctortown, G. (305.) 
Dagsboro, D. (178.) 
Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.) 
Dorchester, S. C. (290.) 
Dorchester, L. C. (15.) 
Dover, N. H. (63.) 
Dover, capital of" the state of 

Delaware. (157.) 
Dover, Va. (197.) 
Dover, T. (207.) 



Downing T., Pa. (133.) 
Doylestown, Pa. (133.) 
Drehr's Canal. See S. C. 

(253.) 
Drummondton, Va. (199.) 
Dresden T. (206.) 
Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) 
Dublin, G. (288.) 
Duerville, N. Y. (36.) 
Dulatsburg, P. (133.) 
Dumfries, Va. (176.) 
Dumfries, Ala. (298) 
DundafF, P. (107.) 
Dunkirk, Va. (197.) 
Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.) 
Dunn, Ala. (266.) 
Duplin, C.H.,N.C. (257.) 
Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) 
Dyersburg, T. (225.) 

Earleysburg, Pa. (131.) 



Eastport, Me. (42.) 
East Andover, Me. (39.) 

Easton, Pa. (133,) a flourishing town, and seat of justice 
of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, 
acadamy, and two banks, with a population of about 6000. 
ROUTESlFROM~blASTON. 



To Mauch Chunky by Canal. 
Bethlehem, 12 

Allentown, 5 17 

Berlin, 11 28 

Lehighton, 14 42 

Mauch Chunk. 4 46 



To Bristol, by Penn. canal. 

Raubsville, 5 

Monroe, 6 11 

Erwentown, 9 20 

Lumberville, 9 29 

New Hope, 6 35 

Taylorsville, 8 43 



36 



£AS 



ELM 



Yardleyville, 


3 46 


To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. 


Morrisville, 


4 50 


Wind Gap, J 3 


Tullytown, 


5 55 


Stoddartsville, 27 40 


Bristol, 


5 60 


Wilkesbarre, l8 58 


To Jersey City, by 


Morris 


To New York, by Stage. 


canal. 




Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26 


Racket's, N. J. 


26 


Morristown, 21 47 


Dover, 


20 46 


Newark, 19 66 


Boonton, 


10 56 


New York, 10 76 



Paterson, 16 72 

Newark, 14 86 

Jersey City, 14 100 

To Reading, by Stage. 

Bethlehem, 10 

Allentown, 6 16 

Trexlersville, 8 24 

Kutztown, 9 33 

Reading, 17 50 



Easton, Md. (178.) 
East Fork, Ind. (167.) 
Eaton, O. (148.) 
Eatonton, G. (270.) 
Ebenezer, G. (280.) 
Ebensburg, P. (130.) 
Edenton, N. C. (218.) 
Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) 
Edgefield, S. C. (272.) 
Edington, Me. (41.) 
Edinburg, G. (252.) 
Edisto R., S. C. (273.) 
Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.) 
Edwardsville, II. (164.) 
Eddyville, K. (187.) 
Egnice, N. C (215.) 
Elba, N. Y. (36.) 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Ottsville, 17 

Doylestown, 15 32 

Willow Grove, 11 43 

Philadelphia, 13 56 

To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. 
Bloomsbury, N. J. 8 

Flemmington, 19 27 

Pennington, 16 43 

Trenton, 8 51 



Elberton, G. (252.) 
Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) 
Elizabethtown, N. J. (134.) 
EHzabethtown, K.a89.) 
Elizabeth, Mo. (162.) 
Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) 
Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) 
Elkton, T. (227.) 
Elkton, Md. (157.) 
Elkton, K. (207.) 
Elkhart Grove, II. (143.) 
Ellicott, Md. (156.) 
Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.) 
Ellis, N. C. (256.) 
Ellis ville, Miss. (297.) 
Edisto I., S. C. (290.) 
Elms, S. C. (290.) 



ELM 



FLORIDA. 



37 



Elmore, Vt. (37.) 
Elyria, O. (100.) 
Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) 
EJyton, Ala. (267.) 
Emporium, Pa. (104.) 
Enfield Canal. seeCt. (110.) 
Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.) 
Epels, S. C. (254.) 
Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.) 
Erie, Ala. (283.) 
Ernesttown, U. C. (33.) 
Erie, Pa. (76.) 
Errol, N. H. (38.) 
Essex, N. Y. (36.) 
EstelsviJle, Va. (212.) 
Etowah, G. (250.) 
Etowah R., G. (250.) 
Euphrata, Pa. (132.) 
Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) 
Evansville, Ind. (166.) 
Evansham, Va. (213.) 
Exeter, N. H. (86.) 
Fairfield, C.( 109.) 
Fairfield, II. (165.) 
Fairfield, Va. (195.) 
Fairfax, Va. (175.) 

Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 
19 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 
55,680 square miles. 

Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi- 
dent, by and with the advice arid consent of the Senate : — 
salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500. 

The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, 
and meets annually (at Tallahassee) on the first Monday 
in January. 

.Judiciary. — There are four judges, appointed by the 
President and senate — one for each of the four districts 
which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500. 

Physical Structure. — The entire Territory of Florida, 
4 



Fairfax, Va. (176.) 
Fairhaven, O. (100.) 
Fairview, O. (127.) 
Falmouth, K. (169.) 
Falmouth, Mass. (1 12.) 
Fannetsburg, Pa. (131.) 
Farmington, Ct. (110.) 
Farmington Canal. See Ct. 

(108.) 
Farmington, Mo. (184.) 
Farrington, II. (118.) 
Farraville, Va. (196.) 
Fayetteville, N. C. (236.) 
Fayetteville, T. (228.) 
Fayetteville, Ala. (266.) 
Fayetteville, G. (269.) 
Finley, O. (99.) 
Fincastle, Va. (195.) 
Fish house, N. Y. (59.) 
Fishkill, N. Y. (109.) 
Fisher's I., C. (110.) 
Flat Rock, Pa. (153.) 
Flemington, N. J. (134.) 
Flemingsburg, K. (170.) 
Flint River, G. (302.) 



38 FLORIDA. 

with the exception of a small portion west of the Appala^ 
chicola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. 
No elevation deserving the name of" mountain, nor any hill 
excecdinsr 300 Het in height, is to be found. In the vici- 
nity of Toloso, a limestone lidge occurs, merely sutiicicnt 
tr» give ii.olion to the waters. JN'atural bridges, common to 
limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. 
Proceeding snuMiward, the ridge just n)enti()ried becomes 
more depressed, until it reaches the source ot the OcLwaha, 
where it disappears entirely, though similar geohigical 
features may lu; traced several miles further south. All 
below the '28° of N. Lat. oo sists of flat lands, subject to 
occasional, and a birue portion of it, to constant submersion. 

Rivers — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- 
whatchie, Appalachicola, Oclacki.nnee, Suwanee, St. Ma- 
rys, &c. 

Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An- 
drews, Appalachee, St. Joseph.*--, Charlotte, Gallivans, and 
Chatham on the GulU 

No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of 
the Territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &c., re- 
semble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex- 
panded rivers, and cannot with propriety be called bays. 

I'rofJuclions. — Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, In- 
dian corn, &c., together with a great variety of garden 
vegetables. 

Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital; Pensacola, St. Augus- 
tine, Aliqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, MontictUo, 
Jacksonville, &,c. 

Florida, F. (312.) Fort Portage, O. (99.) 

Florida, Al..'. (-298.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) 

Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, II. (95.) 

Fords, .\Iiss. (297.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) 

Forsyth, G. (270.) Fort Erie, U. C. (77.) 

Forlin, Lou. (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) 

Fort Gratiot, Mich. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) 

Fort St. Mary, O. (1'24.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) 

Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.) 

Fort Recovery, O. (1;J4.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) 



FOR 



GALENA. 



39 



Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Chinnabie, Ala (2H7.) 
Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) 
Fort Mitchell, Ala. (28.5.) 
Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) 
Fort Lawrence, G. (286) 
Fort Miinms, Ala. (299.) 
Fort Crawford, Ala. ("299.) 
Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) 
Fort Jatncs, G. (:i.»4.) 
Fort Gaines, G. (.301.) 
Fort Scott, G. (.315.) 
Fort Barrington, G. (305.) 
Fort Bowyer, Ala. (311.) 
Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) 
Fowl, T. (314.) 
Francestown, N. II. (85.) 
Franconia, N. H. (38.) 
Franklin, Pa. (103.) 
Franklin, Va. (174.) 
Franklin, Ind. (147.) 
Franklin, K. (208.) 
Franklin, T. (228.) 
Franklin, N. C. (231.) 
Franklin, G. (;26y.) 



Franklin, Miss. (295.) 
Franklin, Lou. (:i22.) 
Franklintown, Lou. (309.) 
Franklinville, G. (316.) 
Franklbrt, II. (I«6.) 
Frankfort, Ind. (122.) 
Frankfort, Va. (194) 
Frankfort, capital of Ken- 

tuckv, (I6H.) 
Franktown, Va. (199.) 
Fraser, N.C. (217.) 
Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) 
Frcdericksb:.rg, Va. (176.) 
Fredericktown, Md. (15.5.) 
Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) 
Fredericktown, O. (126.) 
Fredonia, N. Y. (77.) 
Fredonia, O. (167.) 
Freehold, N. J. (134.) 
Freeport, Pa. (129.) 
Freeport, Me. (63.) 
Frenchmans B. Me. (41.) 
French T., Miss. (311) 
Friendsville, Pa. (106.) 
Fulsorns, Miss. (265.) 
Fry burg, Me. (62.) 
Fosboro, Mass. (85.) 



Gainsville, G. (251.) 



Galvezton, L. (309.) 



Galena, II. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re- 
gion, in Illinois. Population, about 2,000. 

ROUTES FROM GALENA. 



To St. Louis, by Steam 

Boat. 

Mississippi River, 4 

Apple Creek, 14 18 



Rush Creek, 
Pium Creek, 
MaraJo^, 
Fort Armstrong, 



8 26 
10 36 
10 46 
24 70 



40 GAL 




GEORGIA. 




Copper Creek, 


26 96 


To Fort Winnebago 


, by land. 


Fort Edwards, 


100 196 


Gratiot's Grove, 


15 


Hannibal, 


41 237 


Dodgeville, 


30 45 


Louisiana, 


25 262 


Moundville, 


14 59 


Illinois River, 


72 334 


Fort Winnebago, 


54 113 


Missouri River, 


17 3.51 






St. Louis, 


17 368 


To Chicago, by land, 169 


To Prairie du Chien. 


To Vandalia, by 


land. 


N. boundary of 11. 


17 


Rock River, 


65 


L. Platte Cr. 


7 24 


Peoria, 


76 141 


Grant Cr. 


6 30 


Springfield, 


65 206 


Cassville, 


14 44 


Vandalia, 


55 261 


Prairie du Chien, 


24 68 







^Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) 
Geneva, N. Y. (80.) 
Georgetown, P. (132.) 
Georgetown, Pa. (128.) 
Georgetown, D. C. (176.) 
Georgetown, O. (170.) 
Georgetown, D. (178.) 
Georgetown, S. C. (274.) 
Georgetown, G. (271.) 
Georgetown, K. 169.) 



Gallipolis, O. (171.) 
Gallatin, T. (208.) 
Gandysville, Va. (153.) 
Gap, N. H. (38.) 
Garland, Me. (40.) 
Gasconade, Mo. (162.) 
Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) 
Gasaways, II. (186.) 
Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) 
Gatewoods, II. (166.) 
Genereau, Mich. (49.) 

Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into 
ninety-nine counties. Population, 516,567, including 
217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital Mill- 
edgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, Lat. 32° 03' N., Lon. 4° 
03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Le- 
gislature meet first Monday in November. Constitution 
formed, 1798. 

Government. — The Governor is elected by the people, for 
two years ; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested 
in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Gene- 
ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen 
annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the 
first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for 
each county, and the number of Representatives is in pro- 



GEORGIA. 



41 



portion to population, including three-fifths of all the pec- 
pie of colour ; but eiich county is entitled to at least one 
but not more than lour. 

Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of wliich are 
elected by the legislature, ior three ycirs, and receive an- 
nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inrenor courts, 
and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the 
people. 

Physical Structure. — N arly two-thirds of the state, on 
the soutli-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of 
mountains. North-west of the great road ioadiiig from 
Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, 
increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it 
attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined 
plane, which contains the gold region, is sud ienly termi- 
nated by the Blue Ridge, which separates the waters of 
the Tennessee from those of Coosa, &c. 

Rivers. — ('oosa, C'hattahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, 
Alatatn.iha, Ocinuljjec, Oconee, Ogeclioc, and S .v .nnah. 

I'rodiictioiis — C'olton, rice, timber, lobiicco, Indian (orn, 
and fruits in great varitty and abundance. G.ld and some 
other minerals. 

Internal Improvements. — Savannah and Ogechee Canal, 
commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee 
a short distance above the mouth of the (/annouchee river. 
An extension of this work is proposed, of sixty miles, to 
the Alatamaha. — Alatainaha and Brunswick Rail Road, 
twelve miles in length. 

7o7cns. — Savannah, iMilledgeville, Augusta, Darieii, Ma- 
con, ("olumbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greens- 
boro, Sparta, &c. 

Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilend, II. (142.) 

Germanlown, Va. (1.45.) Gil ord, N. H. (&2.) 

Germanto^vn, N. C (238.) Gilmantown, N. M. (62.) 

Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mas. (^6.) 

Germantown, N C. (214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) 

Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (.54.) Glasgow, K. (18.).) 

Gibsonport, Mi^s. {205.) Golconda, II. (186.) 

Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) Guldboro, Me. (41.) 



42 



COL 



IIAR 



Gold Region, G. (250.) 
Good, N. C. (233.) 
Gorham, Me. (63.) 
Goshen, N. Y." (108.) 
Governeur, N. Y. (34.) 
Grand Lake, Me. (21.) 
Grand Id., U. C. (33.) 
Grand R. Mich. (71.) 
Granger, O. (101.) 
Granville, Mass. (84.) 
Gratz, Pa. (132.) 
Gr. Egg Harbour. N. J. 

(158.) 
Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) 
Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) 
Greensboro, Vt. (37.) 
Greensboro, G. (270.) 
Greensboro, Ala. (283.) 
Greensburg, Pa. (129.) 
Greensburg, Ind. (147.) 
Greensburg, K. (189.) 
Greenupsburg, K. (171.) 
Greenville, II. (164.) 



H. 



Haddam, Con. (110.) 
Haddensville, Va. (196.) 
Hadley (south) Canal. See 

Massachusetts, (84.) 
Hagerstown, Md. (155.) 
Halifax, P. (132.) 
Halifax, N. C. (217.) 
Hailowell, Me. (40.) 
Halls, N. C. (235.) 
Hamburg, N. J. (108.) 
Hamburg, Pa. (133.) 
Hamburg, S. C. (272.) 
Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) 
Hamilton, O. (148.) 
Hamilton, Miss. (280.) 
Hamilton, Lou. (278.) 



Greenville, S. C. (252.) 
Greenville, K. (187.) 
Greenville, O. (124.) 
Greenville, Ind. (168.) 
Greenville, Mo. (184.) 
Greenville, T. (212.) 
Greenville, N. C. (237.) 
Greenville, Mis. (295.) 
Greenfield, Mass. (84.) 
Greenfield, Ind. (147.) 
Greenfield, O. (149.) 
Greensville, Va. (213.) 
Greensville, Ala. (300.) 
Green River, K. (187.) 
Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) 
Greene, N. Y. (81.) 
-Greencastle, Ind. (146.) 
Gieencastle, P. (155.) 
Greenock, Ark. (224.) 
Grinders, T. (227.) 
Grabb, Lou. (294.) 
Guildhall, Vt. (38.) 
Guyandot, Va. (171.) 

Hampton, Va. (198.) 
Hampton, N. J. (158.) 
Hampton, Lou. (309.) 
Hanbyvillc, Ala. (267.) 
Hancocks T., Md. (154.) 
Hannas, N. C. (235.) 
Hanover, N.H. (61.) 
Hanover, Va. (197.) 
Hardin, O. (124.) 
Hardin, O. (125.) 
Hardinsburg, K. (188.) 
Hardinsville, (226.) 
Hardwich, Mass. (84.) 
Hartford, Md. (156.) 
Hargroves, Ala. (267.) 
Harlaem cH, see N. Y. (135.) 



HARTFORD. 



43 



Harlaem Rail Road, see N. 

York, (135.) 
Harleesville, S. C. (Q55.) 
Harmony, Me. (40.) 
Harmony, Pa. (128.) 
Harmony, Ind. (166.) 
Harperfield, N. Y. (82.) 
Harpersfield, O. (101.) 
Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.) 



Harpshead, K. (187.) 
Harrington, Me. (42.) 
Harrisburg, Pa. (132.) 
Harrisburg, T. (225.) 
Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) 
Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.) 
Harrisville, Va. (217.) 
Harrisonville, II. (163.) 
Harrodsburg, K. (190.) 



Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, 
and next to New Haven, the most populous town in the 
state ; population 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the 
State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the 
Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches. 

ROUTES FROM HARTFORD. 



To New Haven 


by Stage. 


Mendon, 


12 74 


Newington, 


6 


Medway, 


9 83 


Worthington, 


6 12 


Dover, 


12 95 


Meriden, 


6 18 


Brooklyne, 


11 106 


Wallingford, 


4 22 


Boston, 


4 110 


North Haven, 


9 31 






New Haven, 


5 36 


To Providence, 


by Stage. 






Ashford, as above, 28 


To New Haven, 


via Middle. 


Pomfret, 


14 42 


town, by Stage. 


Killingly, 


6 48 


Stepney, 


8 


Providence, 


26 74 


Middletown, 


8 16 






Durham, 


7 23 


To New London 


, by Stage. 


Northford, 


8 31 


Glastenbury, 


7 


New Haven, 


10 41 


Marlboro, 


11 18 






Colchester, 


8 26 


To Boston, by Stage. 


New Salem, 


7 33 


Ellington, 


14 


Chesterfield, 


6 39 


Tolland, 


5 19 


New London, 


7 46 


WilUngton, 


7 26 






Ashford, 


2 28 


To Springfield, by Stage. 


Thompson, 


20 48 


Windsor, 


7 


Douglass, 


14 62 


Warehouse Ft. 


7 14 



44 



HAR 



HOP 



Enfield, 
Springfield, 

To "Worcester, 
Tolland, 
Stafl^ord Spr. 
Stafford Ch. 
Sturhridge, 
Cliarllon, 
Worcester, 

To Salisbury, 
Northington, 
C'anton, 
Winsled, 
N rfolk, 
N. Canaan, 



4 18 


10 28 


Stage. 

19 


8 27 


2 2.» 


23 52 


10 6 J 


10 72 


Stage. 

9 


5 14 


12 2H 


10 36 


5 41 



Salisbury, 



7 48 



H:rtn)rd, rC.(l^S.) 
H .rtfi.rd, N. C. CilS.) 
H.rfiord, G (.''^7.) 
HTtville, T. (20H.) 
Harwich, Miss. (Il:>.) 
Hauppage, N.Y. (135.) 
H.van:i, All. f246.) 
Haverhill, N. H. (37.) 
Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) 
H lysboro, T. (-21)8.) 
Hyatts, L. C. (17.) 
Hazlepatch, K. (HU.) 
Helena, Ark. ('244.) 
Homps^tead, N. Y. (135.) 
Henderson, 11. (118.) 
Henderson, K. (187.) 
Henderson, N. C. (234.) 
Hennepin, II. (i!3.) 
Henry C. H., G. (269.) 
Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) 
Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) 
Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) 
Hicks, G. (249.) 



To Litchjield, by Stage. 

Farmirigton, 10 

Burlington, 9 19 

Haruinton, 7 26 

Litchfield, 8 34 

To Donhury, by Stage. 

Farmitigton, 10 

Bristol, 7 17 

Plymouth, 6 23 

Wutertown, 7 30 

Woodbury, 7 37 

Newtown, 15 52 

Danbury, 9 61 



Ilickstown, F. (316) 
Ilickstbrd, Va (•<^i7.) 
Hin.Uory Hsll, S. C. (289.) 
Hickory T., Pa. (Iu3.) 
Hicrh Pt., U. C\ (74.^ 
Hil],N. C. (217.) 
Hills West, N.C. (80.) 
HiUsboro, Ind. (143.) 
Hillsboro, O. (149.) 
Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) 
Hillsboro, N. H. (16-2.) 
Hilton Head, S. C. (290.) 
Hindostan, Ind. (167.) 
Hogton, N. C. (^'37.) 
Hollidaysburg, Pa. (130.) 
Holmes, F. (314.) 
Holniesville, Miss. (296.) 
Holmesville, G. (304.) 
Hnlston R., Va. (213.) 
Hookset Ciinal, see New 

Hampshire, (62.) 
Hoot Inn, N. C. (238.) 
Hope, N. J. (134.) 



ILLINOIS. 



45 



Hopetown, N. Y. (80.) Hulinsbur^, Pa. (103.) 

Hopkinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.) 

Hopkinton, N. H. (62,) Huntersville, Va. (173.) 

Hopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, Pa. (130.) 

Horn T., Va. (199.) Huntingdon, T. (206.) 

Horns, N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.) 

Horry, G. (2S6.) Huntsville, N. C. (214.) 

Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsville, Ala. (248.) 

Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- 
Hudson, N. Y. (83.) bama, (248.) 
Hudson t^- Delaware Canal, Huntsville, S. C. (253.) 

see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.) 

Hughsville, Va. (214.) Huttonsville, Va. (173.) 

Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into 72 counties. 
The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- 
creased since. Area, 57,900 square milles. Capital and 
metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38° 58' N., Ion. 11° 57' W. Ge- 
neral election, first Monday in August, biennially. Legis- 
lature meets first Monday in December every second year, 
Date of constitution, 1818. 

Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary 
$1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. 
The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house 
of representatives. The members of the former are elected 
for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of 
each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the 
first Monday in December. General election, first Mon- 
day in August, biennially. 

Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus- 
tice and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. 
They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for 
the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county 
commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are 
elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected 
by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge 
of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except 
in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by 
the constitution. 

Physical Structure. — The whole state is remarkably 



46 INDIANA. 

level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great 
elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial cliange 
in the surface is perceptible ; tlie country is somewhat bro- 
ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained 
throughout the whole. The " American Bottom" so culled, 
celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left banii of 
the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskas. 
kia, neaily ninety miles. Prairies and birrens abound to a 
great extent in this state ; probably one half of its suriiice 
consists of these natural meadows. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- 
kiii, Ohio and Wabash. 

Froductions. — Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, 
&c. 

Internal Improvements. — Are merely prospective, none 
having yet been completed. A canal about lUO ti.iles in 
length, from Ottowa, or peihaps from Hennepin, lower down 
the lllmois lo lake Michigan, is now in projiress. 

Towns. — Vandalia, Kdwardsvillc, Belleville, Carrolton, 
Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawnectown, Sjjringfield, Beurds- 
town, Ottowa, Galena, and many others. 

Illinois R., 11. (94.) Illinois R., Ark. (200.) 

Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, Pa (129.) 

Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-six coun- 
ties, and had, in 1 83U, a population of 343,031 . Area, 36,500 
square mile*. Capital, ludionapolis; metropolis New Al- 
bany, lat. 36° 19' N. long. 8° 44' W. Date of constitution, 
Ibl6. General election, 1st Monday in August. Legisla- 
ture meet, 1st Monday in December. 

Goverfiment. — The Governor is elected for three years; 
salary $1,01)0 per annum Lieutenant-Governor is presi- 
dent of the Senate, and receives two dollars per day during 
the session of the legislature. 

The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi- 
ana, and is composed of a senate, the tnembers of which 
are elected for three years, and a hcuse of representatives, 
whose members are elected annually. ^J he number of the 
former is at present 30, and the latter 75. Pay of mem- 
bers of both houses is two dollars a day each. 



INDIANA. — INDIANAPOLIS. 47 

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme 
Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the 
general assembly may cstabhsh. The supreme court con- 
sists of three judges, and each of the circuit courts con- 
sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold 
their office for seven years, if not removed lor improper 
conduct. 

'I'he judges of the supreme court are appointed by the 
governor, vi'ith the consent of the senate. The presiding 
judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla- 
ture, and the associates are elected by tlie people, 'i here 
are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. 'l"he judges 
of the supreme and eircuit courts receive $700 per annum. 
The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the 
session of the courts. 

Fhusical Structure. — The country along the Ohio, from 
the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, pre- 
sents a broken and hilly appearance ; it is not, however, 
hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, commonly 
so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated 
plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been 
occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have 
thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part 
of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, 
and in the north no mountainsor hillsof any magnitude exist. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Wabash, White Water, Laugherry , Sil- 
ver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks. 

Productions. — Corn, wheal, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, 
&c., many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. 

litter nal Improvoments. — Wabash and Erie Canal. It is 
to extend from Lafayette to the eastern boundary of the 
state. Length 127 miles. 

Totvns. — Indianapolis, the capital ; Vincennes, Law- 
renceburg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, JefTersonville, New Al- 
bany, Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Logan- 
port, Lafayette, &c. &c. 

Indianapolis, (146.) 

ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. 

To New Albany, by Stage. I Edinburg, JO 30 

Franklin, 20 | Columbus, 12 43 



48 



IJVDIANAPOLIS. 



JAM 



Brownstown, 
Vallona, 
Salem, 
Greenville, 
N. Albany, 



25 67 

3 70 

19 89 

24 113 

9 122 



(Thence to Louisville, K. 
3 miles.) 

To Cincinnati, by Stage. 

Rushville, 40 

Somerset, 14 54 

Brookeville, 11 65 

Harrison, 17 82 

Miami, 8 90 

Cincinnati, 15 105 

To Vincennes, by Stage. 
Port Royal, 16 

Martinville, 14 30 

Spencer, 24 54 

Bloomfield, 23 77 

Vincennes, 45 122 

To VandaliOj 11. by Stage. 
Belville, 20 



Infield, N. C. (217.) 
Instantur, Pa. (104.) 
Ipswich, Me. (86.) 
Irvine, K. (191.) 

Jackson, Mich. (73.) 
Jackson O. (150.) 
Jackson, Mo. (185.) 
Jackson, T. (226.) 
Jackson, capital of Miss. 

(280.) 
Jackson, Ala. (298.) 
Jacksonville, II. (142.) 
Jacksonville, G. (303.) 
Jacksonville, F. (318.) 



Greencastle, R. 
Terrehaute, 
Embarras R. 
Ewington, 
Vandalia, 



17 37 
33 70 
45 115 
25 140 
30 170 



To Covington, by Stage. 
Crawfordsville 50 

Covington, 29 79 

To Wayne, by Stage. 
Connerstown, 17 

Noblesville, 4 21 

Strawtown, 7 28 

Wayne, 83 111 

To Columbus, O. by Stage. 

Greenfield 20 

Centreville, 44 64 

Richmond, 6 70 

Lewisburg, 17 87 

York, J 6 103 

Springfield, 26 129 

Columbus, 43 172 



J. 



Ithaca ^ Owego Rail Road. 

See N. Y. 
Ischua, N. Y. (78.) 
Isle of Wight, Va. (218.) 

Jacksonburg, O. (148.) 
Jacksonboro, G. (289.) 
Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.) 
Jacksboro, T. (210.) 
Jaffrey, N. H. (84.) 
Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) 
Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) 
James River Canals, see 

Virginia, (197.) 
James R. Va. (197. 



JAM 



KENTUCKY. 



49 



James and Jackson R.Canal, Jefferson, Va. (176.) 



see Va. (196.) 
James I., S. C. (219.) 
JamesviUc, S. C. (273.) 
Jasper, T. (229.) 
Jay, Me. (39.) 
Jefferson, O. (102.) 
Jefferson, P. (103.) 
Jefferson, Mo. (161.) 



Jefferson, N. C. (213.) 
Jefferson, Miss. (246.) 
Jefferson, G. (251.) 
Jefferson, G. (318.) 
Jeffersonville, Ind. (168.) 
Jeffersonville, Va. (193.) 
Jericho, N. Y. (81.) 



K. 



Kempsville, Va. (218.) 
Kelleyvale, (Va.) 
Kenjua, P. (103.) 
Kennard, G. (302.) 
Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) 
Kennebeck R., Me. (64.) 
Kennebunk, Me. (63.) 
Kent I., Md. (177.) 
Kentucky R., K. (191.) 



Kalamazoo, R., Mich. (71.) 
Kanawha Navigation, see 

Virginia, (172.) 
Kanawha R., Va. (172.) 
Kankakee, R., Ind. (95.) 
Kaskaskia, R., II. (144.) 
Kaskaskie, Ind. (95.) 
Kaskaskia, II. (185.) 
Keene, N. H. (84.) 

Kentucky state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. 
Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. 
Area, 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis 
Louisville, Lat. 38° 18' N. Long. 8° 46' W. General 
election first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first 
Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. 

Government. — Governor's term of office, four years. 
Salary $2,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $4 per 
day, as president of the senate ; secretary of state, $750 ; 
auditor, register, and treasurer, each $1,500. 

The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Common- 
wealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are 
chosen for 4 years; those of the latter annually. The 
senate consists of 38 members; and the house of repre- 
sentatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $2 
per day during the session of the legislature. 

Judiciary. — The court of appeals consistsof a Chief Jus- 
tice and two other Judges; salary of each $1,500. Cir- 
cuit courts; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts 
o 



60 KENTUCKY. 

for holding- circuit courts. There is a judg-e for each cir- 
cuit, who has jurisdiction oflaw cases over $50, and of chan- 
cery cases over £5, and holds three terms a year in each 
county of his circuit. The salary of the judg^es of the cir- 
cuit courts is $1000 per annum. County courts are also 
held by three or more justices of the peace. Their juris- 
diction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the 
decisions of single justices. 

Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this 
Btate borders upon the Allegheny rangeof mountains, some 
of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a 
considerable distance into it. That part of the state is con- 
sequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences 
and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording land- 
scape views of uncommon boldness and beauty. Along the 
Ohio river, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different 
places from it, are the "Ohio Hills," parallel with that 
beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally 
gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and 
bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of 
the stale, though which they extend, a very rough ap- 
pearance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have 
often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial 
bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams 
which fall into that river, are of the richest kind. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, 
Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &-c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, 
hemp, tobacco, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Louisville and Portland canal. 
Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and Ohio 
Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank- 
fort, and thence to Shippingport, near Louisville. Length 
85 miles. 

Towns. — Frankfort the capital ; Lexington, Louisville, 
Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington, 
Port William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash- 
ington, Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bdrds- 
town, Shelbyvillc, Russelville, Bowhng-green, Princeton^ 



KNOXVILLE. 



51 



Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im- 
portant. 



Keys, N. J. (158.) 
Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) 
Killingworth, Con. (110.) 
Kilpatricks, II. (164.) 
Kinderhnok, N. Y. (63.) 
Kingston, U. C (33.) 
Kingston, N. Y. (1U8.) 
Kingston, K. I. (IJl.) 
Kingston, Md. {118.) 
Kingston, T. (230.) 

Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east 
Tennessee. Population about 3,000. 'I'hc public l)uildings 
consists ot a college, several churches, county offices, 6lc. 
ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE. 



Kingston, N. C. (237.) 
Kingstree, S. C. (^^74.) 
Kings, N. C. (237.) 
Kings, S. C. (289.) 
K. Geo. C. H. Va. (176.) 
K.&QueensC.n.Va.(198.) 
Kingwood, Va. (153.) 
Kinsman, O. (102. 
Kittanning, Pu. (129.) 



To Nashville, 


by Stage. 


To Warm Springs, N. C. by 


Loveville, 


14 


Stage. 




Kingston, 


23 37 


Dandridge, 


32 


Crab Orchard, 


20 57 


Newport, 


15 47 


Sparta, 


38 95 


Warm Springs, N.C 


28 75 


Liberty, 


32 127 






Lebanon, 


26 153 


To Athens, by Stage. 


Nashville, 


28 181 


Maryville, 


8 






Madisonville, 


29 37 


To Abingdon, { 


a. by Stage. 


Athens, 


15 52 


Rutledge, 


32 






Bean's StatiorT, 


10 42 


To Clinton, 


18 


Mooresbu rg, 


8 50 


— Jacksboro, 


36 


Rogersville, 


13 63 


— Montgomery, 


54 


Kingspfjft, 


26 8.4 


— Tazewell, 


50 


Blountsville, 


17 106 






Abingdon, Va. 


24 130 







Knoxville, G. (286.) 
Lacadie, L. C. (15.) 



Kutztown, Pa. (133.) 



L. 



Lafayette, Tnd. (122.) 



52 



LAG 



LANCASTER. 



La Grange, G. (269.) 
Lake Champlain, N. Y. (36.) 
Lake Ontario, N. Y. (55.) 
Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.) 
Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.) 
Lake Erie, O. (100.) 
Lake Borgne, Lou. (310.) 
Lake Ponchartrain, Lou. 

(309.) 
L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.) 
L.ofthetwoMts.L.C.(14.) 
L. George, N. Y. (60.) 
L. George, F. (330.) 
L. Memphramagog, L. C. 

(16.) 
L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.) 
L. Bernard, G. (286.) 
Lancaster, N. H. (38.) 
Louisville and Portland 

Canal, see Ken. (168.) 



La Fourche Canal, see Lou- 
isiana, (323.) 

Lake Veret Canal, see Lou- 
isiana, (323.) 

Lackawaxen Canal, see 
Pennsylvania, (108.) 

Lake Drummond Canal, see 
N. Carolina, (218.) 

Lancaster Canal, see Ohio, 
(150.) 

Lehigh Navigation, see 
Pennsylvania, (133.) 

Lackawaxen Rail Road, see 
see Pennsylvania, (107.) 

Lykins Valley Rail Road, 
" see Pennsylvania, (132.) 

Loricks Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (253.) 

Lockhart Canal, see South 
Carolina, (253.) 



Lancaster, Pa. (132.) The city of Lancaster, formerly the 
capital of Pennsylvania, is a large and thriving place, 
having a population of 7,683, and considerable trade. The 
great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Colum- 
bia rail road pass through it. Its public buildings are, a 
court house, jail, Lancasterian school house, and several 
handsome churches. 

ROUTES FROM LANCASTER. 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Soudersburg, 8 

Coatesville, 17 25 

Downingstown, 7 32 

Paoli, 12 44 

Philadelphia, 20 64 



To Philadelphia, by Rail 

Road. 

Soudersburg, 9 



Mine Ridge, 


8 17 


Coatesville, 


12 29 


Downingstown, 


8 37 


Schuylkill river. 


29 66 


Philadelphia, 


3 69 


To Harrishurg, by Stage. 


Mountjoy, 


12 


Elizabethtown, 


7 19 



LANCASTER. 



53 



Middletown, 
Harrisburg, 



7 26 
3 35 



To Pittsburg. 

Columbia, by Rail R. 13 

York, r by stage,) 11 24 

Abbotstown, 15 39 

Gettysburg, 14 53 

Chambersburg, 25 78 

M-Connellstown, 19 97 

Bedford, 31 128 



Stoystovvn, 

Laughlintown, 

Youngstown, 

Greensburg, 

Sluartsville, 

Pittsburg, 



28 156 
16 172 
13 185 

10 195 
13 208 
19 227 



To Reading, by Stage. 
Ephrata, 13 

Adams, 9 22 

Reading, 9 31 



Lancaster, O. (150.) 
Lancaster, Va. (198.) 
Lancaster, S. C. (254.) 
Landisburg, Pa. (131.) 
Langlbrd, Ala. (298) 
La Prairie, L. C. (15) 
Lattimore, Miss. (296.) 
Laughlin T., Pa. (129.) 
Lawjencebnrg, Ind. (148.) 
Lawrenceboro, T. (2'i7.) 
Lawrenceville, S. C. (233.) 
Lawrcncevillc, Mich. (99.) 
Lawrenceville, Ind (166.) 
Lawrenceville, G. (251.) 
Lawrenceville, V'a. (218.) 
Lawrenceburg, Pa. (103.) 
Laurel T., D. (178.) 
Lead Mines, 11. (66.) 
Lead M., i\io. (163.) 
LeafR., Miss. (297.) 
Lebanon, N. Y. (83.) 
Lebanon, P. (132.) 
Lebanon, O. (148.) 
Lebanon, II. (164.) 
Lebanon, K. (189.) 
Lebanon, T. (208.) 



Lebanon, Va. (212.) 
Leesburg, Va. (155.) 
Leeds, Va. (177.) 
Lc Flors, Miss. (281.) 
Lehighton, Pa. (1.33.) 
Leicester, Va. (196.) 
Lenox, Mass. (f3.) 
Leominster, Muss. (85.) 
Leonard 'P., Md. (177.) 
Le Raysville, N. Y. (34.) 
Leroy, N. Y. (78.) 
Lewistown, N. Y. (54.) 
Lpwistown, D. (17ti.) 
Lewistown, 11, (66.) 
Lewistown, 11. (118.) 
Lewistown, Pa. (131). 
Lewistown, Va. (216.) 
Lewis, Lou. (307.) 
Lewisburg, Va. (194) 
Lexington, N. Y. (82.) 
Lexington, P. (102.) 
Lexington, K. (169.) 
Lexington, Va. (195.) 
Lexington, T. (226.) 
Lexington, N. C. (234.) 
Lexington, G. (270.) 
5* 



54 



LIB 



LOUISIANA. 



Liberty, K. (190.) 

Liberty, Va. (195.) 

Liberty, S. C. (273.) 

Liberty, Miss. (296.) 

Licking R., K. (170.) 

Licking station, K. (191.) 

Lincolnton, N. C. (233.) 

Lincolnton, G. (271.) 

Lisbon, G. (271.) 

Litchfield, Con. (109.) 

Litchfield, K. (18S.) 

Little Kanawha River, Va. 
(151.) 

Little Rock, capital of Ar- 
kansas, (242.) 

Lit. Egg Harbour, N. J. 
(158.) 

Lit. Praire, Mo. (205.) 

Little Red R., Ark. (222.) 



L. Wabash R., II. (1G5.) 
Livingston, Miss. (280.) 
Loekport, N. Y. (55.) 
Loftus Heights, Miss. (295.) 
Logansports, Ind. (122.) 
Logan C. H., Va. (193.) 
Logan, O. (150.) 
London, U. C. (52.) 
London, O. (149.) 
Long Pt, U. C. (56.) 
Long Pt, U. C. (76.) 
Long Lake, N. Y. (53.) 
Long Island, N. Y. (135.) 
L.I. Sound, N. Y. (110.) 
Long Branch, N. J. (135.) 
Long Bay, N. & S. C. (275.) 
Longaconiing, N. J. (158.) 
Lorain, N. Y. (58.) 
Louisiana, Mo. (141.) 



Louisiana, state of, (277,) is divided into 33 parishes ; 
had in 1830,215,739 inhabitants, including 109,588 slaves. 
Area, 49,300 square miles. Capital and metropolis, New 
Orleans, lat. 30° N., long. 13° 1' W. General election, 
first Monday in July, biennially. Legislature meet, first 
Monday in January. Constitution formed, 1812. 

Government. — Governor — term of office four years — 
salary, $7,500 per annum. Secretary, treasurer, attorney 
general, and survevor general. 

Legislature. — The legislative authority is vested in a 
senate and a house of representatives, styled the General 
Assembly of the state of Louisiana. The senators are 
elected for four years. Their number is 17. The repre- 
sentatives are elected for two years. Their number is at 
present 50. The elections are held on the first Monday, 
Tuesday, and Wednesday of July. The general assembly 
elect by joint ballot, for governor, one of the two who have 
received the highest number of the votes of the people. 

Judiciary. — The supreme court consists of three judges, 
who are appointed by the governor, with the advice and 
consent of the senate. This court has only appellate juris- 



LOUISIANA. 56 

diction. It sits in New Orleans for the eastern district, 
during- the months of November, December, January, Feb- 
ruary, March, April, May, June, and July. And for the 
western district, at Opelousas and Attakapas, during the 
months of August, September and October. 

The criminal court of New Orleans has one judge. 

There are eight district courts, and nine judges. The 
district courts, with the exception of the first, hold in each 
parish, two sessions a year. 

The parish courts hold a regular session in each parish, 
on the first Monday in every month. 

The courts in the first district, viz : the parish, district, 
criminal and probate courts are in session the whole year, 
excepting the months of July, August, September, and 
October, in which months they hold special courts if neces- 
sary. 

Physical Structure. — There are three very distinct por- 
tions in this state, as it regards soil and surface. 1. The 
north-eastern part, or the country lying east of the Missis- 
sippi and north of Ponchartrain, Maurepas, and Ibberville 
outlet, embracing the parishes of east and west Feliciana, 
east Baton Rouge, Washington, St. Helena, and St. Tam- 
many, is hilly, of a sandy soil, covered with pine, possess- 
ing fine springs and a salubrious climate. The north- 
western portion of the state is also generally elevated, some 
of it very much so. 2. The south-western part, in the Op- 
elousas country is covered with extensive prairies, of great 
fertility and generally level, or gently undulating. 3. The 
whole delta, or country lying between the Atchafalaya 
(Chaffalio) outlet on the west, and the Ibberville outlet with 
its continuation in lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain and 
Borgne, on the east, is a dead level, and excepting along^ 
the margins the numerous rivers and streams of a variable 
width of from a quarter of a mile to a mile and more, is 
chiefly continuous swamps, covered with cypress, swamp 
oak, gum, &,c. This is the character of much of the coun- 
try bordering the lower parts of the Red River and the 
Ouachita, the Courtabuleau, and other streams. 

The whole southern line is a low marshy country, 
scarcely rising above the level of the ocean, and often over- 



56 



LOUISVILLE. 



flown by the tides. Rising in the most gradual manner, 
the north-western part even reaches the aspect of a moun- 
tainous character. The coast is lined with low and sandy 
islands, separated from the main land by shallow bayous, 
or stagnant inlets, and covered with stinted live-oaks. 

Rivers, — Mississippi, Red, Ouchita, Atchafalaya, Cour- 
tableau, Teche, La Fourche, Amite, &:c. 

Productions. — Sugar and Rice are the principal, cotton, 
Indian corn, fruits of various sorts. 

Towns.— New Orleans, Madisonville, St. Helena, Baton 
Rouge, St. Francisvijle, Franklin, St. Martinsville, Opelou- 
sas, Alexandria, Natchitoches, &,c. 

Internal Improvements. — La Fourche Canal, extends 
from New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, entire length, inclu- 
ding the natural navigation, 85 miles. L. Veret Canal, 
extends from a point on the La Fourche, to Lake Veret, 
about 8 miles in length. Neir Orleans and Ponchartrain 
Canal, six miles in length, commence^ at the S. W. part of 
the city, and intersects Lake Ponchartrain, west of fort St. 
John. The New Orleans and Ponchartrain Rail Road, 
5 miles long. Several unimportant canals exist in the 
neighbourhood of New Orleans and in the parishes border- 
ing on the Mississippi ; these have been constructed by in- 
dvidua Is for private use. 

Louisville, K. (168,) situated on the Ohio at the head of 
the tails ; is a place of consideral)le trade ; population at 
present, 17,000. The public buildings are a court house, 
market houses, eight or ten churches, high school, marine 
hospital, and several factories of iron, cotton, «&c. 

ROU FES FROM LOUISVILLE. 



To Lexington, by Stage. 
Middletown, 12 

Shelbyvllle, 20 .32 

Franklort, 2 1 53 

Lexington, 24 77 



To Nashville, Ten. by Stage. 
West Point, 21 

Elizabethtown, 22 43 

Coombsville, .4 52 

Munfordsville, 21 73 

Glasgow, 20 93 



LOUISVILLE. 



57 



Scottsvillc, 


34 117 


Gallatin, 


20 137 


Nashville, 


25 162 


To Indianapolis 


, by Stage. 


New Albany, 


3 


Greenville, 


9 12 


Salem, 


24 36 


Valona, 


19 55 


Brownstown, 


3 58 


Columbus, 


25 83 


Edinbur^, 


12 95 


Franklin, 


10 105 


Indianapolis, 


20 125 


* To Vincennes, 


hy Stage. 


New Albany, 


3 


Greenville, 


9 12 


Fredericksburg, 


15 27 


Paoli, 


18 45 


Mt. Pleasant, 


25 70 


Washington, 


18 88 


Vincennes, 


20 108 


To Cincinnati, 


by Stage. 


Charleston, 


13 


Bethlehem, 


13 26 


New London, 


8 34 


Madison, 


12 46 


Aurora, 


31 77 


Lawrenceburg, 


3 80 


Cincinnati, 


23 103 



To Troy, by Stage. 

New Albany, 3 

Corydon, 16 19 

Fredonia, 16 35 

Troy, 28 63 



To Hopkinvsille, by Stage. 

West Point, 21 

Philadelphia, 16 37 

Hardinsburg, 22 59 

Hartford, 36 95 

Greenville, 23 118 

Hopkinsville, 27 145 

To Lexington, by Stage. 

Middletown, 12 

Shelbyville, 20 32 

Frankfort, 21 53 

Lees, 12 65 

Lexington, 12 77 

To Lexington, by Rail Road. 

Newcastle road, 30 

Frankfort, 31 61 

Lees, 12 73 

Lexington, 12 85 

To Springfield, by Stage. 

Shepardsville, 23 

Bardstown, 18 41 

Fredericksburg, 10 51 

Springfield, 8 59 

To Pittsburg, by Steam Boat, 

West Point, 23 

Madison, 11 44 

Port William, 13 57 

Vevay, 10 67 

Fredericksburg, 10 77 

Lawrenceburg, 31 108 

Cincinnati, 24 132 

New Richmond, 21 153 

Point Pleasant, 5 158 

Augusta, 15 173 

Marysville, 16 189 

Portsmouth, 46 235 



58 



LOU 



MAINE. 



Burlington, 


41 276 


Henderson, 


11 


199 


GiiUipolis, 


41 317 


Mt. Vernon, 


22 


221 


Lelarts Rapids, 


3-2 349 


Carthage, 


12 


233 


Bel vi lie, 


SO 379 


Shawneetown, 


19 


252 


Parkersburg, 


17 396 


Cave in Rock, 


20 


272 


Marietta, 


13 409 


Cumberland R., 


41 


313 


Wheeling, 


89 490 


Tennessee R., 


11 


324 


Steubenville, 


21 511 


America, 


36 


360 


Pittsburg, 


79 581 


Mouth of Ohio, 


11 


371 






Mew Madrid, 


65 


436 


To New Orleans 


by Steam 


Litlle Prairie, 


30 


460 


Boat. 




Memphis, 


119 


585 


Northamp'on, 


42 


Arkansas R., 


172 


757 


Leavenworth, 


17 59 


Vicksburg, 


284 


1041 


Stephensport, 


33 92 


Natchez. 


103 


1144 


Rockport, 


53 145 


St. Francisville, 


139 


1283 


Owensburg, 


8 I5.i 


Baton Rouge, 


34 


1317 


Evansville, 


35 188 


New Orleans, 


131 


1448 



Lucas, N. C. (256.) 
Lumbcrton, N. C. (255.) 
Lumpkin, G. (285.) 
Lyncliburg, Va. (195.) 
Lynhavcn Bay, Va. (198.) 
Lyons, N. Y. (57.) 



M. 



Louisville, G. (271.) 
Louisburg, N. C. (216.) 
Louisa, K. (171.) 
Lovelace, Lou. (-295.) 
Lower Canada, (12.) 
Lower Marlboro, Md. (177.) 

Machias, Me. (42.) 
Mackeysville, N. C. (232.) 
Macoi., G. (287.) 
Madison, II. (164.) 
Madison, Ind. (168.) 
Madison, Va. (175.) 

Maine, state of, ( 1 8,) is divided into ten counties, and 
had, in 1830, a population of 399,462. Area, 38,250 square 
miles; capital, Augusta; metropolis, Portland; lat. 43^ 
39' N. Ion/. 6^ 39' E. General elections, second Monday 
in September ; legislature meet first Wednesday in Jan- 
uary ; constitution formed, 1819. 

Government. — The Governor is elected annually by the 
people, salary, $1,500; seven counsellors also elected an- 



Madison, T. (229.) 
Madison, G. (270.) 
Madisonville, K. (187.) 
Madisonville, T. (330.) 
xMadisonville, Lou. (309.) 



MAINE. 59 

nually. The legislative power is vested in a " General 
Assembly," consisting- of a senate and house of representa- 
tives, members of both elected annujilly by the people. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief justice, 
who receives a salary of $1,800, and two associate judges, 
salary $1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief ju>tice 
and two associate justices, each receives $1,200 per an- 
num. 

Physical Structure. —The north-western border of this 
state consists of a series of steps or escarpments which fol- 
low each other in such rapid succession, as in some places 
to atiain an elevation of nearly 2000 feet in the space of 
a few miles. This elevation continues with slight inter- 
ruptions along the entire line from the sources of the Con- 
necficut to its termination in the north-east angle of the 
state. From these data it will be perceived that the coun- 
try, forms an inclined plane, having the Atlantic coast for 
its limit towards the south-east. This plane, however, is 
much broken by high hills and insulated mountain peaks ; 
examples are presented by Bald Ridge mountain, a spur 
from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigclow, Saddleback, Katawdin, 
and others ; some of these peaks are of great height, espe- 
cially the one last mentioned. The state may be divided 
into three grand sections; the Atlantic section is compara- 
tively level, being much intersected by lakes and other in- 
dications of a flat surface ; the second or middle section is 
hilly, and the third, or north-western part, is decidedly 
mountainous. 

Rivers. — Andriscoggin, Kennebeck, Penobscot, St. 
Croix, St. Johns, Madawaska, VValloostook, «S:.c. 

Productions. — Lumber, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small 
grain, provisions, 6lc. 

Towns. — Portland, the metropolis ; Augusta, the capital ; 
York, Paris, Wiscasset, Bath, Hallowell, Castine, Belfast, 
Bangor, IVIachias, East port. Sac. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Cumberland and Oxford Canal, 
extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20^ miles, whence, 
by a lock in Songo river, the navigation is extended into 
and through Brandy and Long Ponds, a further distance of 
30 miles. 

Middlesex Canal, see Massachusetts, (85.) 



60 



MARYLAND. 



Muscle Shoals Canal, see 

Alabama, (217.) 
Montague Canal, see Massa- 
chusetts, (84.) 
Mohawk and Hudson Rail 

Road, see N. York, (83.) 
Miami Canal, see O. (148.) 
Mauch Chunk Rail Road, 

see Penn. (133.) 
Mount Carbon Rail Road, 

see Penn. (132.) 
Mill Creek Rail Road, see 

Penn. (132.) 
Morris Canal, see N. Jersey, 

(134.) 
Manasquan Canal, see New 

Jersey, (158.) 
Monongahela Navigation, 

see Virginia, (152.) 
Manchester Rail Road, see 

Virginia, (197.) 
Malone, N. Y. (35.) 
Manaks, Ala. (284.) 
Manahawken, N. J. (158.) 
Manchester, Vt. (60.) 
Manchester, S. C. (273.) 
Manchester, K. (191.) 
Manlius, N. Y. (58.) 
Mansfield, O. (J 26.) 
Mansfield, N. J. (134.) 
Mine Hill Rail Road, see 

Pa. (132.) 



Mansfield, Va. (196.) 
Mantua, O. (101.) , 
Maramic, Mo. (183.) 
Maramic R., Mo. (162.) 
Marathon, Ala. (247.) 
Marengo, Ala. (283.) 
Mariaville, Me. (41.) 
Marietta, 0.(151.) 
Marion, Ind. (123.) 
Marion, O. (125.) 
Marion, Mo. (161.) 
Marion, Ala. (283.) 
Marion, G. (287.) 
Marion, C. H., S. C. (255.) 
Marksville, Lou. (294.) 
-Marshville, Va. (152.) 
Marshallsville, Va. (216.) 
Martlia's Vineyard, Mass. 

(112.) 
Marthasville, Mo. (163.) 
Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) 
Martinsburg, P. (130.) 
Martinsburg, Ind. (146.) 
Martinsburg, Va. (154.) 
Martinville, N. C. (215.) 
Martinsville, Va. (215.) 
Martins, N. C. (213.) 
Martins, N. C. (214.) 
Marysville, O. (125.) 
MarysviUe, K. (169.) 
Marysville, T. (230.) 
Maryville, Va. (196.) 



Maryland, state of, (153,) is divided into 19 counties, and 
contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994 
slaves; area, 11,150 square miles; capital, Annapolis; 
metropolis, Baltimore; lat. 39° 18' N.; long. 0° 26' E. 
General Election, first Monday in October tor delegates, 
third Monday in September, every fifth year, for electors of 
senators. Legislature meets, first Monday in December. 
Constitution formed, 1776. 



MARYLAND. 61 

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assem- 
bly, term of office, one year, salary, $2666. Executive 
council, consisting of five members, chosen annually by the 
General Assembly on the first Tuesday in January. Sen- 
ate, consisting of 15 members, and house of delegates, 80 
members, called the General Assembly, meet on the last 
Monday in December at Annapolis ; pay of members $4 a 
day, of the speakers, $5, each. Members of the senate, are 
elected every fifth year, by electors chosen by the people, 
on the first Monday of September. The members of the 
house of delegates are elected annually by the people, on 
the first Monday of October. 

Judiciary. — Chancery court, chancellor $3,600 per an- 
num. Court of appeals, chief judge and four associate 
judges, who receive a salary of $2,200 each, and one for the 
city of Baltimore, who receives $3,000 per annum. Balti- 
more court, one chief judge, and associate judges ; salary 
of the former $2,400, of the two latter, $1,500 each. 

Physical Structure. — Eastern section, bordermg on the 
Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesaperke bay, level ; 
centre, hilly, gradually increasing in elevation, until it 
meets the western section of the state, which presents little 
else than a succession of mountain ridges, extending from 
the Monocacy to the western limits of the state. The Back 
Bone mountain, so called, the main ridge of the AUeghe- 
neys, has a mean altitude of about 2,500 feet, and is the divid- 
ing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic and those run- 
ning into the Ohio. 

Rivers. — Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Susquehanna, 
Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nantikoke, &.c. 

Productions. — Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, 
&,c. &c. 

Towns. — Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown, 
Rockville, Port Tobacco, Upper Marlboro; and on the east- 
ern shore, Elkton, Chester, Centreville, Easton, Cam- 
bridge, &.C. 

Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 
extends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 
341 1 miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alexan- 
dria to intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal^ at George- 
6 



62 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



•town is now constructing. (See District of Columbia.) 
Port Deposit Canal, is tiesig^ned to overcome the rapids of 
the Susquehanna, above Port Deposit, length nearly 10 ms. 
Cannl at Little Falls of Potomac, 2^ ms. long. Canal at 
Great Falls, bnilt of slonc, I'iUO yards long. Baltimore and 
Ohio Kail Road, extends from Baltimore lo the Point of 
Rocks on the Potomac, 67 5-8 ms. from Baltimore. This road 
is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road of a single 
track extends from the main line to Frcdeiick, 3| ms. Bal- 
timore and Susquehanna Rail Road, commenced in 1830, is 
to extend to York, Pa.; length, when completed, 76 ms. An- 
other rail road is projected, to extend from Baltimore to 
the Susquehanna at Port Deposit, and thence to unite v^'ith 
the Oxford Rail Road of Pa., which intersects the C-,lum. 
bia Rail /?oa(/,about 40 ms. from Philadelphia. Baltimore 
and Washington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 miles ; this 
work is now completed. 

Mason's N. C. (233.) Maysville, Va. (196.) 

Massachusetts, state of, (S3,) is divided into 14 counties. 
Population in 1830, 610,014. Area, 8750 square miles. 
Capital and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42^ 22' N. Long. 5° 
57' E. General election for governor and senators, first 
Monday in April ; for ref)resentatives, in May. Legislature 
meet, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1780. 

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary 
$3,666 67. LieutenantGuvcrnor $533 33. Secretary ofcom- 
monwealth, and state treasurer, each $2,000 ; adjutant 
general, $1,500, who are chosen by joint ballot, from the 
senators, and nine counsellors ; each holds his office for one 
year. Legislature, styled the General Court, is composed 
of a Senate and House of Representatives. Mtm.bersof 
the senate are elected annually on the first Monday in 
April; the representatives are elected annually in May. 

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme 
Court, and a Court of Common Pleas, and such others as 
the General Court may establish. The judges are apoint- 
ed by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during 
good behaviour. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is 
generally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the 
ceatrai part, between Worcester and the valley of the Con- 



I 






MASSACHUSETTS. 63 

necticut, those liills occur at frcqiient intervals, until pass- 
ing to the wertward, the lands increase in elevation, and 
assume the aspect of a mountain region. 

The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western 
county of the state, is not less than lUOO feet above tide. 
This portion is studded with innumerable hills and moun- 
tain peaks, s»me of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above 
their bases. 

Rivers. — Housatonic, Connecticut, Pawtucket, Charles, 
Merrimack, &c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, 
beans, flaxseed, &.c. 

Zbiort.s.— Boston, the capital; Salem, Newburyport, Low- 
ell, Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pitts- 
field, and many extensive towns and villages. 

Internal Improvements. — Middlesex C« no/, extends from 
Boston to Chelmsford. liCngth 27 miles. I'awtucket Ca. 
mil, in the town of Lowell, is used both for navigation and 
for manufacturing purposes, length li miles. Blackstone 
Canal, extends from Providence, R. L, to Worccstrr, Mass. 
length, 45 miles. Hampshire and Hainpden Canal, see 
Connecticut. Montague Canal, near the Montague falls in 
Connecticut river, 3 miles long. South Hadley Canal^ 
around the S. H. falls in the Connecticut, length 2 miles. 
Worcester Rail Road, 43 u)iles in length. It is proposed to 
continue this road to the Connecticut, and to construct a 
branch to Milberry. Boston and Providence Rail Hond^ 
length, 43 miles. Boston and Lowell Rail Road, length 25 
miles, now in progress. Quincjj Rail Road, used for trans- 
porting granite from the quarry in Quincy to JSeponset 
river length 3 miles, branches I mile. 
Massacre I., Ala. (311.) M'Minnville, T. (229.) 

Mathews C. H., Va. ( l98.) M'Kinstry, S. C. (254.) 
Mauch Chunk, P. (133.) M'Catteums, S. C. (254.) 

Maumee, O. (99.) M'Gees, Miss. (265.) 

Maumee K., O. (98.) MCouns Bluff, Ala. (2G6.) 

M'Connelsville, O. (151.) M'Clair, Miss. (280.) 

M'Connelstown, P. (154.) M'Into.hs, {G.) (286.) 

MLeansboro, II. (165.) M'Intosh, C. H., G. (305.) 

M'Neils, N. C. C2J5.) M'Daniels, Lou. (307.) 



64 ME A MICHIGAN. 

Meadville, P. (] 02.) Mercersburg, P. (154.) 

Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) Meridianville, Ala. (248.) 
Medina, O. (100.) Merrittsville, S. C. (232.) 

Med way. Me. (85.) Metcalfboro, T. (229.) 

Meigsville, O. (151.) Mexico, Mo. (162.) 

Memphis, T. (224.) Micanopy, F. (329.) 

Meredith, N. Y. (82.) Miccoton, F. (31 6.) 

Mercer, P. (102.) 

Michigan, state of, (22,) is divided into 39 counties. Po- 
pulation in 1830, 31,639. Area, 59,700 square miles. Ca- 
pital and metropolis, Detroit, lat. 42° 20' N. long. 60° 1' 
W. General election, first Monday in October. Legisla- 
ture meets, first Monday in January. Constitution formed 
May nth, 1835. 

Government. — The Governor_and Lieutenant Governor 
are elected for two years. The present Governor and Lieu- 
tenant Governor are to hold their offices until the 1st Mon- 
day in January, 1838. 

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a Senate 
and House of Representatives. The members of the for- 
mer are chosen for two years, one half of them every year 
and to consist, as nearly as may be, of one third of the 
number of representatives, who are chosen annually, and 
cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100. 

Judiciary. — Consists of a Supreme Court and such other 
courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges of 
the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor and Se- 
nate for a term of 7 years. Judges of circuit and probate 
courts, and those of minor courts, are elected by the people 
for a term of four years. 

Physical Structure. — The southern part of this territory 
is very level, or gently undulating. The northern part is 
more uneven. Along the shore of Huron there are, in pla- 
ces, very high bluffs ; and along the east shore of Lake 
Michigan, are in many places, immense hills of pure sand 
of from fifty to several hundred feet in height, which have 
been blown up by the almost constant western winds, 
sweeping over the lake and the sandy margin on its east- 
ern side. 

Rivers. — Maumee, Rasin, Huron, Clinton, Black, Sag- 



MIC 



MISSISSIPPI. 65 



inaw, Traverse, Monistic, White, Maskegon, Kalleniazoo, 
St. Josephs, &c. 

Froductions.— Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat ; potatoes, 
and every variety of similar vegetables, grow here in great 
abundance. 

Toio/js.- Detroit, Monroe, Frenchtown, Brownstown, 
Pontiac, Ann Arbour, Byron, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury- 
port, Saginaw, Mackinaw, &.c. 

Michigan, Ind. (96.) Mil ford, P. (108.^ 

Middle T., Mich. (71.) MilledgeviUe, capital of 
Middk: T., N. .1. (134.) Geo. (270.) 

Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.) 

Middle T., O. (149 ) Millgrove, S. C. (-^74.) 

Middle T., Pa. (132.) Milhaven, G. (289.) 

Middle T., K. (168.) Millheim, Pa. (131.) 

Middlelovvn, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.) 

Middletovvn, Con. (1 10.) MiUville, N. J. (158.) 

Middletown, V.i. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.) 

Middleton, Pa. (128.; Milton, Vt. (36.) 

Middlcbury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. H. (62.) 

Middleburn, Va. (152.) Milton, Pa. (106.) 

M ddlcbor,, Mass. (112.) Mineral point, Mich. (67.) 

Mifflin, Fa. (131.) Mines, lead, xMo. (184.) 

Mikasukic, F. (316.) Miram, Ind. (145.) 

10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi R. (92.) 
MilforJ, D. (17«.) 

Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 42 counties. 
Poi.uldtion, 1830, 136,621, including 65,6.^9 slaves, ^rca 
47,68i) square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez. 
Lat. 31° 35' N. Long. 14° 3.3' E. General election, first 
Monday in August. Legislature meets, first Monday in 
Noveriiher. Constitution tbrmed, 1817. 

Government.— The governor is elected for two years — 
salary $2,500 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, 
and auditor receives each $1,200 per annum, and the attor- 
ney-general $1,000. 

The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of 
representatives, styled The General Assembly of the state of 
6* 



GQ MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for 
three years, and the representatives annually. The num- 
ber of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more 
than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 
80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one-fourth 
nor more than one-third, as many as there are representa- 
tives. The general election for the state takes place on the 
first Monday and Tuesday of August. The General As- 
sembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in 
November. 

Judiciary. — The Court of Chancery. Chancellor's sal- 
ary $2,000. 

The supreme court consists of a chief justice and five 
associate judges — the salary of each $2,000. The state is 
divided into six districts, in which the judges of the su- 
preme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts 
have original jurisdiction incases vi^heretlie sum in dispute 
exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of 
justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They 
have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has 
a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction however, does 
not supersede that of the circuit court. 

Every organized county has a probate court, and a coun- 
ty court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is 
the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of 
offences committed by slaves, &c. The judges hold their 
offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 
years. 

Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this state, except 
in cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his proper- 
ty from his creditors. 

Physical Structure. — Along the Mississippi river, at va- 
rious distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 
feet in height. The portions which are contiguous to the 
river, are called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, 
Grand-Gulf bluff's, Natchez Bluflfs, White Cliffs, and Lof- 
tus' Heights, &,c. 

The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high, 
beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro- 
ductive. 



MISSISSIPPI. — MISSOURI. 67 

Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from 
south to north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, 
an extensive district of country, of various soils, but pos- 
sessing much that is alluvial and fertile. 

The southern, middle and northern parts of this state, 
may be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous 
ravines and streams. 

In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still 
is, it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, mag- 
nolia, sweet gum, ash, maple, yellow poplar ; cypress in the 
swampy alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &c. &.C., 
with a great variety of underwood, grape-vines, paw-paw, 
spice wood, «fec. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Yazoo, Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha, 
Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, 
Pearl, Pascagoula, &.c. 

Productions. — Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, 
fig, and fruits are abundant. 

Towns. — Jackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port 
Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington, 
Vicksburg, Warrenton, «fec. 

Internal Improvement, — St. Francisville and Woodville 
Rail Road, 26 miles in length. Vicksburg and Clinton 
Rail Roadf length 37 miles, (proposed.) 

Missisinewa, Ind. (123.) 

Missouri, state of, (115,) is divided into 62 counties, and 
had, in 1830, a population of 140,455, including 25,091 
slaves. Area, 65,500 square miles ; capital, Jefferson ; 
metropolis, St. Louis ; lat. 3S° 37' N., long. 13^14' E.; 
General election, first Monday in August, biennially ; legis- 
lature meet, first Monday in November, every second year ; 
constitution formed, 1820. 

Government. — Governor, term of office four years — 
salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant governor is presi- 
dent of the senate. 

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a gene- 
ral assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of repre- 
sentatives. The members of the former body are elected 



68 MISSOURI, 

for four years ; the members of the latter, for two years- 
Every county is entitled to one representative ; but the 
whole numbur can never exceed 100 riiembers. The sena- 
tors are chosen by districts. The constitutional number 
is not less than 14 nor n)ore than 33. 

'J'he (lections for senators and represcntati-es are held 
biennially, and for g^overnor, and lieutenant governor, once 
in four years, on the first Monday in August. 

The legislature meets every second year (at the city of 
Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme 
court, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as 
the general assembly may, Irom time to lime, establish. 

The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with 
the consent of the senate; and they hold their offices during 
good behaviour, but nut beyond the age of 65 years. 

The supreme court consists of a presiding j'ldge and 
two associate judges; the salary of each $1,100 per an- 
num. 

There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The 
salary of each Is $1,000 per annum. 

P/iyHcul iitrvctme. — The surfare ofthis state is greatly 
dive r^ifit'd. The alluvi.il boltorns are level. In the middle 
part rises a hillv region, extending from St. Genevieve 
south-westward into Arkansas, and is the commencement 
of the Ozark Mountains of that territory. The northern 
part is undulaliiig, l)ul no where approaching what may, 
with propriety, he called mruiitainous. Kxtensivc^ praities 
stretch out on the wes-tern p.nd nortliern parts °of this 
stiite. Even the St. Genevieve hil's are marked with 
this character, and have the appeanmee, in pl..ces, of 
extensive uncullivated fields. The mint; nyion, which 
lies about 70 miles south-west of St. Louis, is hilly, and 
a considerable portion of the state lying south of the Mis- 
souri and Oiage rivers, is of the same character, and is 
in many places, marked with flint knobs of considerable 
elevation. Tlie country between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri rivers is delightfully undulating and vuriagated. The 



MISSOURI MOBILE. 



69 



prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile. 
The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies, 
as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. 
Francis, White, &c. 

Towns. — Jefferson, the capital, St. Louis, New Madrid, 
Perry ville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Pal' 
myra, Hannibal, Wj^aconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Frank- 
lin, Booneville, Chariton, &c. 

Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, to- 
bacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. 
The forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, 
yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, 
cypress, yellow pine, cedar, &c, 

Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.) 

Missouriton, (139.) 

Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county, 
has a population of about 4,000; several handsome churches, 
cathedral, &c. and is a place of considerable trade. 

ROUTES FROM MOBILE. 



To New Orleans. 
Springhill, by stage, 6 

Portersville, 24 30 

(Thence to New Orleans 
by steamboat and rail- 
road, 123 miles.) 

To Montgomery, by Stage. 
Taitsville, 35 

Burnt Corn, 52 87 

Fort Dale, 45 132 

Montgomery, 48 180 

To Leahesville, by Stage. 
Escatappa R. 28 

Chickasawhay R. 20 48 



Leakesville, 


11 59 


To Tuscaloosa, 


by Stage. 


Florida, 


31 


Dumfries, 


15 46 


St. Stephens, 


24 70 


Clarksville, 


14 84 


Choctawcorner, 


28 112 


Whitehall, 


40 152 


Greensboro, 


25 177 


Tuscaloosa, 


31 208 


To Tuscaloosa, 


by Steam 


Boat, 




Fort Stoddart, 


47 


Dumfries, 


15 62 



70 


MONTREAL. 




St. Stephens, 


31 93 


Washington, 


16 291 


CoflcLvil e, 


18 111 


Montgomery, 


10 301 


Dcmotolis, 


87 198 






Eri.-, 


30 228 


To Pensacolo, hy 


Steam 


Tuscaloosa, 


57 285 


Bout. 








Dog R, 


10 


To Montgomery, 


by Steam 


Fowl R., 


6 16 


Boat. 




Fort Bowyer, 


18 34 


Tombeckbe R,, 


51 


Perdido R., 


30 64 


Fort Minims, 


8 59 


Barancas, 


15 79 


Claiborne, 


45 104 


Pensacola, 


10 89 


Blark Bluff, 


26 130 






Canton, 


50 180 


To Pensacolo, hy S 


taffc, Sec. 


Portland, 


14 194 


Blakely, by Steam B. '11 


Cahawba, 


22 216 


Bellefontaine, by 




Selma, 


15 231 


' Stage, 


26 37 


Vernon, 


44 275 


Pensacola, 


37 74 



Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.) 
Mobile Pt., Ala. (312.) 
Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) 
Monks Corner, N. C. (273.) 
Monroe, Mich. (99.) 
Monroe, O. (100.) 
Monroe, G. (270.) 
Monroe, T. (209.) 
Montaug Pt., N. ¥.(111.) 
Montcalm, Mich. (72.) 
Montezuma, N. Y. (57.) 
Montezuma, Ala. (300.) 
Montevalo, Ala. (267.) 



Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) 
Montgomery, T. (210.) 
Montgomery, Ala. (284.) 
Monticello, N. Y. (108.) 
Monticello, K, (210.) 
iMonticello, G. (270.) 
Monticello, Miss, (296.) 
Monticello, Ala. (301.) 
Monticello, F. (316.) 
Montpelier, capital of Ver- 
mont, (37.) 
Montpelier, Ala. (312.) 



Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British 
America; by the census of 1825, it contained 24,787 in- 
habitants; this number has greatly increased since tbat 
time, and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief ob- 
jects of interest in and about Montreal, are " the moun- 
tain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, 
baths, &c., in St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nel. 



MONTREAL. 



71 



son's monument, convents, seminary of St Sulpice and se- 
veral churches, public walks, &.c. (.See map of Montreal.) 

ROUTES FROM MONTREAL. 



To Quebec, by Steam Boat, 
(the distances by land are 
nmiiy the snne.) 
St Sulpice, by Stage, 27 
La Vahrie, 5 32 

La Noraye, 10 42 

William Henry, 11 53 
Three River, 43 96 

Gentilly, 14 110 

St. Anne, 15 125 

Pt. a ux Trembles, 38 lb3 
Quebec, 17 ItiO 

To Albany, by Steam Boat 

and Stage. 

La Prairie, by Stage, 8 

fSt. Johns, 17 25 

I Isle au Noix, 9 34 

I Ch.izy, 15 49 

•i I PLttsburg, 14 63 

eg 1 S. Hero, 8 71 

P ^ Burlington, 9 80 

Essex, 15 95 

Bason Harbor, 9 104 

Crown Pt. 12 116 

Ticonderago, 14 130 

WhiLehall, 23 1.53 

Fort Ann, 14 167 

S;,ndy Hill, 9 176 

w r Fort Miller, 11 187 

« ] Stillwater, 18 2i)5 

«^ I Troy, 14 219 

L Albany, 6 225 



To Boston, by Stage, via 


Burlington, 


Vt. 


St. Johns, 


25 


Phillipsburg, 


23 48 


Sf. Albans, 


J6 64 


Milton, 


13 77 


Burlington, 


12 89 


Richniond, 


14 103 


Montpelier, 


26 129 


Chelsea, 


24 153 


Dartmouth Col. 


2.3 178 


Shaker's Vil. 


11 189 


Andover, 


22 ni 


Concord, N. H. 


24 235 


Hookset Falls, 


8 2i3 


Londonderry, 


19 262 


Andover, 


20 282 


Boston, 


21 303 


To the Falls of Niagara, by 


Steam Boat, 


Sfc, 


La Chine, 


8 


Cascades, 


16 24 


Lcs Cud res. 


7 31 


Coteau du Lac, 


7 38 


Lake St. Francis, 


4 42 


Head of ditto. 


22 64 


Cornwall, 


6 70 


liong Suut I. 


10 80 


Chrysler's Field, 


17 97 


Haniillon, 


1 98 


Present, 


18 116 


Elizabcthtown, 


14 I'.iO 


Kingston, 


48 178 


Oswego, 


59 236 



72 



MON 



NAS 



Coburgf, 
Port Hope, 
Toronto, (York), 



74 310 
36 346 
66 412 



Montrose, Pa. (107.) 
Morristown, N. J. (134.) 
Mooneys, Ark. (243.) 
Moore, N. C. (256.) 
Moorfield, O. (127.) 
Moorfields, Va. (153.) 
Moosehead Lake, Me. (19.) 
Moscow, Mo. (162.) 
Moosetocmaguntic Lake, 

Me. (39.) 
Moundville, Mich. (44.) 
Mount Holly, N. J. (158.) 
Mount Joliet, II. (94.) 
M'Coy, Mich. (48.) 
Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.) 
Mt. Desert Id., Me. (41.) 
Mt. Maria, Pa. (107.) 
Mt. Pleasant, K. (211. 
Mt. Carmel, U. (166.) 
Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) 
Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) 
Mt. Vernon, Me. (39.) 
Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) 
Mt. Vernon, II. (165.) 

Nacogdoches, (292.) 
Nantucket, Mass. (112.) 
Nantucket 1., Mass. (112.) 
Natches, Miss. (295.) 



Niagara Vil. 
Queenston, 
Falls of Niagara, 



30 442 
7 449 
6 455 



Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.) 
Mt. Vernon, K. (190.) 
Moscow, Mo. (163.) 
Mullins Ford, G. (251.) 
Munfordsville, K. (189.) 
Monroe, Lou. (278.) 
Munrows, N. C. (235.) 
Munsee, T., In. (123.) 
Murfreesboro, T. (228.) 
Murcellas, G. (305.) 
M'urphy, N. C. (215.) 
Muskingum R., O. (127.) 
Miamisport, Ind. (123.) 
Miami R., O. (148.) 
Maysville, K. (170.) 
Maysville, Va. (196.) 
Morgan, N. C. (256.) 
Morganfield,K. (187.) 
Morgantown, Va. (152.) 
Morgantown, K. (188.) 
Morgantown, N. C. (233.) 
Morganville, Va. (196.) 
Moulton, Ala. (247.) 



N. 



Natchitoches, Lou. (293.) 
Natural Bridge, Va. (195.) 
Natural Bridge, Va. (212.) 
Natural Bridge, F. (314.) 

Nashville, T. (208,) the capital and most important 
town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remark- 
ably beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public 
buildings are : a court-house, market-house, college, aca- 
demy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churches, 



.1. . 



NASHVILLE. 



73 



penitentiary, water-works by which the city is supplied 
with water from the Cumberland, «Scc. 

ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE. 



To Florence^ Al. by Stage.' 


To Lexington, K. by Stage. 


Franklin, 


18 


Haysboro, 


6 


Columbia, 


23 41 


Franklin, K. 


29 35 


Mt. Pleasant, 


11 52 


Bowlinggreen, 


22 57 


Lawrenceburg, 


22 74 


Monroe, 


51 108 


Florence, 


41 115 


New Market, 


31 139 




. 


Harrodsburg, 


34 173 


To Memphis^ 


by Stage. 


Lexington, 


29 202 


Charlotte, 


39 






Reynoldsburg, 


39 78 


To New Orleans 


by Steam 


Huntingdon, 


29 107 


Boat. 




Jackson, 


38 145 


Hillsboro, 


20 


Bolivar, 


28 173 


Clarkesville, 


49 69 


Sommerville, 


24 197 


Palmyra, 


6 75 


Memphis, 


43 240 


Dover, 


32 107 




- 


Eddyville, 


55 162 


To Knoxville, 


by Stage. 


Ohio River, 


41 203 


Lebanon, 


28 


America, 


47 250 


Alexandria, 


18 46 


Memphis 


225 475 


Liberty, 


8 54 


Vicksburg, 


456 931 


Sparta, 


32 86 


Natchez, 


103 1034 


Crab Orchard, 


38 124 


New Orleans, 


304 1338 


Kingston, 


20 144 






Loveville, 


23 167 


To Louisville, by Steam 


Knoxville, 


14 181 


Beat. 








Ohio River, as above, 203 


To Huntsville, 


by Stage. 


Rock Haven, 


34 237 


Nolensville, 


17 


Shawneetown, 


27 264 


Gideonville, 


21 38 


Carthage, 


19 283 


Farmington, 


12 50 


Mt. Vernon, 


12 295 


Fayetteville, 


27 77 


Hendersonville, 


27 317 


Hazel Green, 


17 94 


Rockport, 


54 371 


Huntsville, 


12 106 


Leavenworth, 


86 457 






Louisville, 


59 516 



74 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New Orleans . and Lake 

Pontchurirain Canal, see 

Louisiana, (309.) 
New Orleans and Pontchar- 

train Rail Road, see Lou- 

isiana, (309.) 
North West Canal, see N. 

Carolina, (218.) 
Newcastle and Frenchtown 

Rail Road, see Delaware, 

(157.) 
Neiv Jersey Rail Road, see 

New Jersey, (134.) 
Nash C. H., N. C. (236.) 
Nashua, N. H. (85.) 
Nauyaucau, Ala. (268.) 
Nelson, K. (169.) 
Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.) 
Neuson, S. C. (255.) 



Neuse River, N. C. (23G.) 
New Alexandria, Pa. (129.) 
Newark, O. (126.) 
Newark, N. J. (134.) 
New Berhn, Pa. (131.) 
New Berlin, N. Y. (81.) 
New Bedford, Mass. (112.) 
Newberne, N. C. (237.) 
Newberry, S. C. (253.) 
Newburn, Va. (194.) 
Newburg, N. Y. (108.) 
Newburyport, Mass. (86.) 
Newburyport, Mich. (70,) 
New Castle, Pa. (102.) 
New Castle, Ind. (147.) 
Newcastle, K. (168.) 
New Castle, D. ((157.) 
New Columbia, Miss. (297.) 
Newcomers, O. (127.) 



N. Geneva, Pa. (153.) 

New Hampshire, (62,) is divided into eight counties. 
Population in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. 
Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. 
long. 6° ir E. General election, second Wednesday in 
March. Legislature meet, first Wednesday in June. Con- 
stitution formed, 1792. 

Government. — Governor, salary, $ 1 ,200. Five counsel- 
lors, all elected annually. The legislative power is vested 
in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, 
the General Court. The members of both are elected an- 
nually by the people, on the second Tuesday in March. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, 
salary 81,400, and two associate judges, $1,200 each. Court 
of common Pleas, chief justice $1200, and associates $1000 
each. 

Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five 
miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central 
part of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional moun- 
tain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. 
All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moose- 



NEW HAVEN. 



hillock, Monadnuc, Kearsargo, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other 
mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the 
state, a rugged and broken aspect. 

Rivers. — Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, 
Piscataqua, &c. 

Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Do- 
ver, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Clareniont, 
Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, »fcc. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock, 
provisions, &.c. 

Internal Improvements. — Bow Canal, near Concord, 
around Bow falls, three quarters of a mile long. Hookset 
Canal, at the Ilookset fall of Merrimac, 825 feet in length. 
Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeig in the Merrimac. 
Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Merrimac; length, 
including pools, nine miles. 

New Haven, O. (100.) 

New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of 
Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square 
in the centre of the town, stands the public buildings, state- 
house, Yale college, and several very handsome churches. 
The other places worthy of attention, are, the observatory, 
museum, alms-house, and various factories, and the cerne- 
tery. 

ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN. 



To New York, by 
Milford, 
Stratford, 
Black Rock, 
Southport, 
Saugatuck, 
Norwalk, 
Stamford, 
West Greenwich, 
Rye, 

Mamaronee, 
W. Chester, 
New York, 



tag 


11 


5 


16 


6 


22 


5 


27 


4 


31 


4 


35 


9 


44 


7 


51 


4 


55 


G 


61 


8 


69 


5 


84 



To New York, 
Boat. 
Black Rock, 


by Steam 


23 


Southport, 


5 28 


Oldvvell, 


8 36 


Stamford Harb. 


8 44 


West Greenwich 


, 8 52 


New York, 


35 87 



To Providence, by Steam 

Boat. 

Faulkner's Island, 16 

Connecticut River, 19 35 

New London Harb. 14 4 J 



7b NEW HAVEN. 


NEW JERSEY. 


(Thence to N. London 


To Hartford, by 


Stage. 


4 miles.) 




North Haven, 


5 


Point^'Judith, 


35 84 


Wallingford, 


9 14 


Newport, 


14 98 


IVIeriden, 


4 18 


Pawtuxet, 


20 118 


Worthington, 


6 24 


Providence, 


5 123 


Ne wing ton. 


6 30 






Hartford, 


6 36 


To Danbury, by 


Stase. 






Derby, 


10 


To Hartford, via 


Middle. 


Housatonic Ferry, 


3 13 


town. 




New StrafFord, 


4 17 


Norlhford, 


10 


Newton, 


8 25 


Durham, 


8 18 


Danbury, 


9 34 


Middletown, 


7 25 






Stepney, 


8 33 


To Granby,by Canal. 


Hartford, 


8 41 


East Plains, 


6 






Hamden, 


2 8 


To Newport, by Stage. 


Cheshire, 


8 16 


Bran ford. 


8 


South ington, 


G 22 


Guiilord, 


10 18 


Farmington, 


11 33 


E. Guilford, 


4 22 


North ington, 


7 40 


Westbrook, 


9 31 


Simsbury, 


7 47 


Connecticut R., 


6 37 


Granby, 


5 52 


New London, 


17 54 







Mystic, 


8 62 






Newport, 


39 101 


New Hope, Pa. (134.) 


New Inlet, N. C. (239.) 


New Ipswich, N. H 


.(85.) 


New Iberia, Lou. 


(322.) 



New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 16 counties. 
Population in 1830, 320,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 
7,500 square miles. Capital, Trenton ; Metropolis, New- 
ark, lat. 40° 44' N., long, 2° 45' £. General election, se- 
cond Tuesday in October. Legislature meets, fourth 
Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1776. 

Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote 
of the council and assembly; salary, $2,000 per annum ; he 
is president of the council. The governor, in conjunction 
with the council, form a court of appeals. Legislature is 
composed of a legislative council, consisting of 14 members, 



i 



NEW JERSEY. 



77 



and general assembly 50 members ; ths members of bota 
houses are elected annually. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, 
salary $1200 per annum, and two associate judges, $1100 
per annum each. The judges are appointed by the legisla- 
ture ; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, 
and those of the inferior courts for five years. 

Physical Structure.— AW that part of the state which 
lies south of a hne extending from Bordentown to Amboy, 
is level, partly composed of sea sand, which is entirely des- 
titute of vegetation. Immediately north of this line, an 
.improvement in the surface and general character of the 
soil becomes visible ; hills appear in rapid succession, form- 
ing steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex 
counties. These, and the adjoining counties, are much bro- 
ken by the ridges of the Allegheny mountains, which in- 
tersect this part of the state, ranging in a direction from 
north-east to south-west. 

Rivers. — Delaware, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Millstone, 
Hackensack, Schencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, 
Maurice, Rancocus, Musconecung, Pawlings, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat, &c. 

Towns. — Newark, Paterson, New Brunswick, Trenton, 
Elizabethtown, Belvedere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, 
Mount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Delaware and Raritan Canal, 
commences at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, 
and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New 
Brunswick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder 24 
miles long has been constructed along the east bank of the 
Delaware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Tren- 
ton. — Morris Canal, commences at Jersey City, opposite 
New York, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillips- 
burg, opposite Easton. Length 101 miles. — Salem Canal, 
extends from Salem creek to the Delaware. Length, four 
miles. — Manasquam and Barnegat Canal, (proposed). — 
Washington Canal, cuts off a considerable bend in Mano- 
lapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to 
the Raritan river. Length, one mile. — Camden and Amboy 
Rail Road, commences at Camden, opposite Philadel 
7* 



78 



NEW ORLEANS. 



phia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length 61 miles.— 
Fatersen and Hudson River Rail Road, from Jersey city 
opposite New York, to Paterson, on the Passiac. Length, 
16 30-100 miles. It is proposed to extend this road to the 
Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commences on the 
last mentioned rail road, about two miles from Jersey City 
and terminates at New Brunswick ; length, 28 miles. 
New Echota, G. (249.) New Milford, Con. (109.) 

New London, Con. (110.) Newmarket, Va. (175.) 
New London, Mo. (141.) New Madrid, Mo. (205.) 

New Lexington, Ind. (168.) New Mexico, Miss. (279.) 



New Lisbon, O. (128.) 
New Lebanon, N. C. (218.) 



New Portland, M. (39.) 
New Richmond, O. (150.) 



New Orleans, L. (324,) the great commercial emporium 
of the Mississippi valley, was /ounded in 1719, and has 
about 60,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest 
are the cathedral in Chartres street. College in St. Cloude 
street, Ursuline Convent in Ursuline street, Orleans theatre 
St. Anne street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, 
City Hall, Conde street, churches, alms-house, &c. Five 
miles below the centre of the city is the ground, rendered 
memorable by the battle of the 8th of January, 1815. 

ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



To Louisville by Steam Boat. 


St. Francisville and 




Arnauds Point, 


13 


Pt. Coupee, 


10 159 


Red Church, 


9 22 


Tunica, 


27 186 


Destretchens Pt. 


12 34 


Red River, 


22 208 


Bonnet Q. Bend, 


2 36 


Fort Adams, 


9 217 


B. Quarre Church, 


5 41 


Homochitto R. 


10 227 


Cantrels Do. 


19 60 


White Cliffs, 


27 254 


Bringiers, 


8 68 


Natchez, 


17 271 


Hamptons, 


5 73 


Coles Creek, 


22 293 


Donaldsonvillc, 


5 78 


Rodney, 


19 312 


St. Gabriels, 


24 102 


Bruinsburg, 


4 316 


Plaquemine, 


6 108 


Grand Gulf, and 




Baton Rogue, 


18 126 


Big Blaek River, 


14 330 


Thomas Pt. 


11 137 


Pt. Pleasant, 


10 340 


Thompsons Cr. 


12 149 


Palmyra, 


13 353 



ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



79 



Warrenlon, 


14 


367 


Leavenworth, 


33 1233 


Vicksburg-, 


10 


377 


Northampton, 


17 1250 


Yazoo River, 


12 


389 


Louisville, 


42 1292 


Tompkins, 


32 


421 


(For continuation to Cin- 


Providence, 


26 


447 


cinnati, Pittsburg, &c. 


Princeton, 


8 


455 


See "Louisville.") 


Old River, 


48 


503 






Pt. Chicot, 


12 


515 


To St. Louis, by Steam 


Arkansas River, 


59 


574 


Boat. 




White R. 


9 


583 


Mouth of Ohio, as 


above, 921 


Helena, 


60 


643 


Tyawappita B. 


29 950 


St. Francis I. 


14 


657 


Cape Girardeau, 


13 963 


35° N. Lat. 


48 


705 


Bainbridge, 


9 972 


Noucona R. 


10 


715 


Muddy R. 


13 985 


Memphis, 


4 


719 


Kaskaskia R. 


31 1016 


Greenock, 


12 


731 


St Genevieve, 


17 1033 


3rd Chickasaw BIufF, 




Chartier I. 


11 1044 




18 


749 


Herculaneum, 


19 1063 


Randolph, 


12 


761 


Maramec R. 


11 1074 


Fulton, 


6 


767 


Carondelet, 


12 1086 


PJum Pt. 


11 


778 


St. Louis, 


6 1090 


Needhams Cut-ofF, 26 


804 






Little Prairie, 


20 


824 


To Balize and Gulf of 


Riddle's Pt. 


23 


847 


Mexico by Steam 


New Madrid, 


13 


860 


Boat. 




Mills Pt. 


28 


888 


Battle Ground, 


5 


Columbus, 


16 


904 


English Turn, 


6 11 


Mouth of Ohio, 


17 


921 


Fort St. Leon, 


5 16 


America, 


11 


932 


Poverty Pt. 


18 34 


Tennessee R. 


36 


968 


Grand Prairie, 


27 61 


Cumberland R. 


11 


979 


Fort St. Philip, 


9 70 


Rock Cave, 


41 


1020 


S. W. Pass, 


9 79 


Shawneetown, 


20 1040 


South Pass, 


2 81 


Carthage, 


19 


1059 


Pass a' Loutre, 


2 83 


Mt. Vernon, 


12 1071 


Balize, 


4 87 


Hendersonville, 


22 


]093 


Gulf, 


5 92 


Evansville, 


11 


1104 






Owensburg, 


35 1139 


To Natchitoches, 


by Steam 


Rockport, 


8 1147 


Boat. 




Stephensport, 


53 1200 


Red River, as above, 208 



80 



ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



Ouachita, 


36 344 


To Natchez 




Bayou Saline, 


20 264 


Madisonville, by St. Bt. 32 


Alexandria, 


54 318 


Liberty, by Stage, 


69 101 


Bayou Cane, 


60 378 


Natchez, 


50 151 


Natchitoches, 


24 402 










To Berwick^s Bay, and 


To Little Rock, by 


Steam 


thence to Opelousas. 


Boat. 




Donaldsonville, 


78 


Arkansas R. as above 574 


Veret Canal, 


14 92 


Arkansas, 


27 601 


S. end Canal, 


7 99 


Harrington's, 


43 644 


Lake Palourde, 


13 112 


Vaugines, 


23 667 


Berwick's Bay, 


10 122 


Little Rock, 


81 748 


Franklin, 


21 143 






Fausse Pt. 


27 170 


To Mobile by Steam Boat 


St. Martinsville, 


8 178 


and Stage. 




Opelousas, 


36 214 


L. Ponchartrain, by 








Rail Road, 


5 


To Nashville, by Stage, via 




' PtAux Herbes 


15 20 


Florence, Ala. 




Ft. Coquilles, 


7 27 


L. Ponchartrain, 


5 




L. Borgne, 


11 38 


Madisonville, 


27 32 


^ 


Grand Island, 


9 47 


Covington, 


7 39 


o 


St. Josephs Isl. 


4 51 


Jacksonville, 


33 72 


"^ - 


W. Marianne, 


6 57 


Columbia, 


30 102 


1 


E. Marianne, 


5 62 


Ellisville, 


48 150 


OQ 


Cat Island, 


10 72 


Old Church, 


47 197 


Deer Island, 


17 89 


Koomsha, 


45 242 




Krebsville Har 


18 107 


Columbus, 


68 310 




. Portersville, 


16 123 


Pikeville, 


64 374 


Mobile, by stage, 


30 153 


Russelville, 


30 404 






Florence, 


22 426 


To St. Stephens, by 


Stage. 


Lawrenceburg, 


41 467 


Madisonville, 


32 


Mt. Pleasant, 


22 489 


Jacksonville, 


40 72 


Columbia, 


11 500 


Leakesville, 


66 138 


Franklin, 


23 523 


Chiekasawhay R. 


17 155 


Nashville, 


18 541 


St. 


Stephens, 


24 179 







N. Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) 



NEW YORK. 



81 



Newport, N. H. (61.) Newtown, Mich. (48.) 

Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.) 

Newport, R. 1. (1 1 1 .) Newtown, N. J. ( 1 08.) 

Newport, Mo. (162.) Newtown, II. (143.) 

Newport, O. (151.) Newville, Pa. (131.) 

Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) 
N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) 

New York, state of, (78,) is divided into 56 counties. 
Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 
49,000 square miles. Capital, Albany ; metropolis. New 
York ; lat. 40^ 43' N., long., 2° 55' £.; general election at 
such time in October or November, as the legislature may- 
provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; Con- 
stitulion formed, 1821. 

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary, 
$4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, 
pay, $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate con- 
sisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- 
fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives, 
consists of 128 members, elected annually. 

Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $,2000 
per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- 
chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — 
chief justice, $2,000 a year, and tv/o associate judges, each 
$2,000 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with 
eight judges, salary of each, $1,250. Supreme court of the 
city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, 
pay of each, $2,500 per annum. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is 
greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through 
this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, 
cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east 
direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther 
north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; 
these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There 
are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, 
some of which are 3000 feet above the lake. The western 
part of the state is merely undulating, being entirely des- 
titute of such mo'ontains as mark its eastern section. 



82 



NEW YORK. 



Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, 
Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Oswe- 
galchie, Raquette, Saranac, &.c. 

Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several 
kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruit. Iron is found in 
great abundance, gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead 
occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt is 
made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of New 
York are well known, the chief of which, those at Sara- 
toga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. 

Cities and Towns. — New York, (city); Albany, the 
capital, Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud- 
son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a 
large number of incorporated villages, and others not in- 
corporated, having names different from their respective 
townships. 

Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to 
Buffalo, length, 363 miles. — Champlain Canal, from the 
Erie Canal to Whitehall, length, 72 miles. — Hudson and 
Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the 
mouth of the Lackawaxen, length, 82^ miles. — Oswego 
Canal, from Salina, to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca 
Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, length 20 miles. — • 
Chemung Canal, from Ehnyra to Seneca Lake, length 31 
miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from Penyan to Seneca 
Lake, 7 miles. — Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie Canal, 
near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. 
Harlaem Canal, on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to 
East river, length 1| miles. 

Proposed Canals. — Chenango Canal, from Binghampton 
to Erie Canal, length 93 miles. — Black River Canal, from 
Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. — Sodus Canal, 
from Sodus Bay, to Seneca river, Sec. &c. 

Rail Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from 
Albany to Schenectady, 16 miles. — Schenectady and Sara- 
toga Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 
miles, — Catskill and C ana joharie Rail Road, from Catskill 
to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles, — Ithaca and 
Owego Rail Road, 29 miles. — Harlaem Rail Road, on 
Manhattan Island. — Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro- 



NEW YORK. 83 

gress,) from Rochester to a point below the falls of Gene- 
see. — Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,) 
length, 80 miles. — Bath Rail road, from Bath to Crooked 
Lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail Road, (in pro- 
gress,) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballsion Rail Road, (in pro- 
gress,) 22 miles. Several other rail roads are proposed in 
various parts of the state. 

New York city, (134.) The commercial emporium of 
the United States, and metropolis of the state of JNew York, 
is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East 
rivers ; in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from 
Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the 
population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern 
quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which, including 
Harlaem, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under the 
jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with 
the county of New York. 'I"he city, together with the 
suburbs just mentioned, contained in 1830, upwards of 
30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population 
at this time (1837) may be estimated at 288,000. The dense- 
ly settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," 
has an outline of 50,000 feet or ten miles, nearly. Its prin- 
cipal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail 
business is transacted, Greenwich street. Pearl street, 
Broad, Wall and Chatham sts., the Bowery, Maiden-Lane, 
&c. &.C. 

The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the 
city hall, in the park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, 
college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway ; battery, 
castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, 
alms-house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of 
the National Academy of Design, masonic hall, in Broad- 
way, house of refuge, orphan's asylum, lunatic asylum, be- 
sides many others, and about 100 churches, some of which 
are very splendid and capacious. 

The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, 
and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of 
police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at 

* Since tbe first edition of tiiis work was issued, the Exchange, 
together with 700 other buildings, have been destroyed by fire. 



84 



NEW YORK. 



and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for 
every part of the United States. 

ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. 



To Albany, by Steam Boat. 


Rhinebeck, 


1 90 


Fort Gansewort, 


2 


Redhook, L. L. 


6 96 


Hamilton's Monument, 2 4 


Glasgow, 


3 99 


Manhattanville, 


3 7 


Redhook, U. L. 


1 100 


Fort Lee, 


3 10 


Saugerties, 


1 101 


Spuyten Duyvel Cr. 


2 12 


Bristol, 


1 102 


Phillipsburg, 


4 16 


Catskill, 


9 111 


Dobb's Ferry, 


6 22 


(Thence to Pine Orchard, 


Tappan Landing, 


3 25 


14 miles.) 




Tarry town. 


1 26 


Hudson and Athens 


5 116 


Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 29 


Columbiaville, 


5 121 


Sparta & State Prisor 


1, 3 32 


Coxackie, 


3 124 


Tellers Point, 


2 34 


Kinderhook Landing, 1 125 


Haverstraw & Croton, 1 35 


New Baltimore, 


5 130 


Stony Point, 


3 38 


Coeymans, 


2 132 


Ver planks Point, 


1 39 


Schodack, 


2 134 


Peekskill, 


2 41 


Castleton, 


1 135 


St. Anthony's nose. 


2 43 


Albany, 


10 145 


Fort Clinton, 


1 44 


For routes from Albany, 


West Point, 


7 51 


see article " Albany." 


1- 

bo 


Crows Nest Mt. 
Butter Hill, 
Caldwell, 
Canterbury, 


4 55 
1 56 
1 57 

1 58 


The stage route from N. 
York to Albany, does 
not diifer materially 
from the above. 


New Windsor, 


1 59 


To Boston, by Steam Boat. 


Newburg, West side. 


U 61 


Newtown Creek, 


4 


Fiskill landing, E. S. 


Hell Gate, 


5 9 


Hamburg, 


6 67 


Flushing Bay, 


4 13 


Hampton, 


1 68 


Frogs Point, 


3 16 


Barnegat, 


2 70 


Cow Neck, 


2 18 


Poukeepsie, 


5 75 


New Rochelle L. 


6 24 


Hyde Park, 


5 80 


West Greenwich, 


11 35 


Pelham, 


3 83 


Stamford, 


8 43 


Wa 


Ikill Cr. 


6 89 


Oidwell, 


8 51 




illE 



inillTTrlTi ^ 
ffllii1'ri!II|:|l!^ 










siir 



^ 



-^ 




I 



j 



NEW YORK. 



85 



Southport, 8 59 

Black rock, 5 64 

Stratford Point, 7 71 

New Haven harb., 12 83 
(Thence to N. Haven, 

4 miles.) 

Falkners Is. 12 95 

Hammonasset Pt., 8 103 

Connecticut River, 11 ll4 

Nevsr London harb., 14 128 
(Thence to N. London, 

4 miles,) 

Fishers Is., 5 133 

Point Judith, 30 163 
Beaver Tail, (Narra- 

ganset bay,) 9 172 

Newport, 5 177 

Bristol Harb., 10 187 

Pawtuxet, 10 197 

Providence, 5 202 

Boston, by land, 43 245 



To Philadelphia, via South 
Amboij, Sfc. 
f Castle Williams, 
Bedlow's Is. 
Kills, 

Ryers ferry, 
Newark bay, 
Elizabethtown pt, 
RaRway river, 
Perth Amboy, 
South Amboy, 
. CSpotswood, 
1 I West's, 
^ \ Rocky Brook, 
"3 I Centre ville, 
^ 1^ Bordentown, 
P5 \ Bristol, 
^ f Burlington, 



1 
2 
5 

7 
8 
12 
16 
25 
27 
36 
40 

8 48 
4 52 

9 61 
10 71 

1 72 



^ ^ Point no point, 14 86 
S } Philadelphia, 5 91 

To Philadelphia, via New 
Brunswick, Sfc. 
Perth Amboy, S. Bt. 25 

New Brunswick, " 12 37 
o t Kingston, 14 51 

rt < Prniceton, 3 54 

^ ( Trenton, 10 64 

£ \ Bordentown, 6 70 
^ } Philadelphia, 30 100 



To Philadelphia, by 
Newark, 
Elizabethtown, 
Rahway, 
New Brunswick, 
Kingston, 
Princeton, 
Trenton, 
Bristol, 
Holrasburg, 
Frankford, 
Philadelphia, 



Stavre. 

10 

6 16 

5 21 

13 34 

13 47 

3 50 

10 60 

11 71 
11 82 

4 86 

5 91 



To Easton, Pa. by Stage. 
Newark, 10 

Morristown, 19 29 

Chester, 13 42 

Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50 
Mansfield, 11 61 

Easton, 15 76 

To Ithaca, N. Y. 

Newark, 10 

Pompton, 21 31 

Snufflown, 12 43 

Deckerlown, 12 55 

Milford, 17 72 
8 



^6 NEW YORK. — NIAGARA FALLS. 




Wilsonsville, 


24 96 


Fairfield, 


3 58 


Rixes Gap, Pa. 


15 HI 


Bridgeport, 


4 62 


Montrose, 


34 145 


Stamford, 


4 66 


pi S Owego, 
P4 } Ithaca, 


32 177 


Milford, 


5 71 


30 207 


New Haven, 


11 82 


To New H'wen, 


Conn., 


To Montavk PL, 


by Stage. 


by Stage. 




Jamaica, 


11 


West Chester, 


15 


Dix Hills, 


18 29 


Mamaronec, 


8 23 


Smithtown, 


11 40 


Rye, 


6 29 


Carman, 


18 58 


West Greenwich, 


2 21 


Morriches, 


10 68 


Stamford, 


7 38 


Quag, 


9 77 


Norwalk, 


9 47 


S. Hampton, 


. 14 91 


Saugatuck, 


4 51 


B. Hampton, 


7 98 


Southport, 


4 55 


Montauk Ft. 


23 121 



Niagara, U. C. (54.) 

Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une- 
quailed work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone 
rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters 
from the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly 
called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the 
basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of 
level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cat- 
aract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the 
strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above 
the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls them- 
selves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, 
about a mile above the precipice. 

The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, 
increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments 
the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou- 
bled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is 
presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection 
with the rapids above. The high grounds, in the rear of 
Forsyth's hotel, afford such a view. 

In addition to the falls, there are several interesting ob- 
jects in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among 
them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet 



NIAGARA. NORTH CAROLINA. 



87 



of Chippawa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; 
the bridge and platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer's cave 
just below the falls ; mineral spring, ^ mile below ; the battle 
fields of Chippewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's 
inoiiument, VVelland canal, and the vilhiges of Chippewa, 
Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora Indians, &c. 
ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. 



To Montrenl, via Lake Onta- 


1 To Rochester, by Stage. 


rio, liy Steam Boat, S^c. \ 


Lewistown, 


7 


Queenston, 


6| 


Cambria, 


15 22 


Niagara Vil., 


7 13 


Hartland, 


11 33 


Toronto, (York,) 


30 43 


Oak Orchard, 


14 47 


Port Hope, 


66 109 


Gainesville, 


7 54 


Coburg, 


36 145 


Clarkson, 


16 69 


Oswego, 


74 219 ; 


Parma, 


7 76 


Duck's Isld., 


23 242 


Rochester, 


11 87 


Kingston, 


35 277 






Elizabethtown, 


48 325 


To Buffalo, by Stage, Cana- 


Prescot, 


14 339 j 


da side. 




Hamilton, 


18 357 


Chippawa, 


2 


Long Saut I., 


18 375 


Waterloo, 


15 17 


Cornwall, 


10 385 


Black rock, 


1 18 


Lake St. Francis, 


6 391 


Buftalo, 


1 19 


Foot of do. 


22 413 I 






Coteau du Lac, 


4 417 


To Buffalo, Am. 


side. 


Les Cedres, 


7 424 


Schlosser, 


2 


Cascades, 


7 431 


Tonne vvanta. 


10 12 


LaCnine, 


16 447 


Black rock. 


8 20 


Montreal, 


8 455 


buffalo. 


1 21 



Nicholasburg, Pa (129.) 
Nicholasville, K. (190.) 
Nickojack, G. (249.) 
Noblesboro, Pa. (128.) 
Noblesville, Ind. (123.) 
Norfolk, Va. (218.) 
Norridgewock, Mc. (40.) 



Norristown, Pa. (133.) 
Northampton, Mass. (84.) 
Northampton C. H., Va. 

(199.) 
Northfleld, Mass. (84.) 
Northwood, N. H. (62.) 
Northumberland, Pa. (132.) 



North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 coun- 
ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves. 



88 NORTH CAROLINA. 

Area, 49,500 square miles; capital, Raleigh; metropolis, 
Newburn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General elec- 
lion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776. 

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary 
$2,000 ; executive council of 7 members ; state treasurer, 
$1,500. Secretary of state, $800 and fees ; attorney gene- 
ral. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, 
salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per 
annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the 
judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house 
of commons. The members of these bodies are elected 
annually by the people. 

Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents 
almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find im- 
mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvious 
matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the 
Atlantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and 
heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude 
and number in approaching the western section of the state, 
which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the 
most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the 
counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &c. 

Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, 
Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, 
Broad, &c. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, 
pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. 

Towns. — Raleigh the capital ; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil- 
mington, Fayetteville, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, 
HaUfax, Milton, «&,c. 

Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see 
Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of 
the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to the sum- 
mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. 
North West Canal, connects N. W. river with the Dismal 
Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the 
commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends 
around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Welden and 
Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal^ 



NORTH CAROLINA OHIO. 89 

extends frotn the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- 
low crc;;k, near Beaufort, leng-th 1 1 miles. The navigation 
of the Roanoke from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- 
lem in Virginia, a distance of 232 miles. The Cape Fear, the 
Yadkin, the Tar, New and Catawba rivers have been 
greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Roads^ 
are projected to extend from Fayettcville to Cape Fear 
river ; from Wilmington through Fayettcville and Salis- 
bury to Beattysford on theCatawaba, a distance of 250 ms.: 
and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- 
tending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- 
tively, see Virginia.) 

Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.) 

Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.) 

Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) 

O. 

Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.) 

Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.) 

Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) 

Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) 

Ocklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.) 

Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) 

Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties; popula- 
tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- 
tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. 
Long. 7° 31', W. General election second Tuesday in Oc- 
tober. Legislature meets first Monday in December, Con- 
stitution formed in 1 802. 

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary 
$1,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate 
consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of repre- 
sentatives consists of 72 member?, elected annually. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and 
three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of 
Common Pleas. I'he state is divided into 9 districts, in 
each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and 
two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per 
day, during their attendance at court. 
8* 



90 offlo. 

All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of 
common pleas are elected by the house of representatives 
for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits once a 
year in each county, and the court of common pleas three 
times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder 
in the first degree. There is no imsrisonment for debt, 
except in cases of fraudulent withholding- of property. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which 
borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes 
more level as you advance westward. Along the whole 
course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of 
land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in 
width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially 
in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and 
often of quite a mountainous aspect. 

The western half of the state is in general remarkably 
level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much 
so, as to assume a very monotonous appearance. Tlie cen- 
tral parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio 
river up to lake Erie, may be compared, as it regards level 
character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around 
Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which 
is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan- 
caster, by the main turnpike road. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, 
Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, 
Portage, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, 
garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun- 
dance. 

Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- 
rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phil- 
adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chilli- 
cothe, Circleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairsville, Hihs- 
boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others. 

Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends 
from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake 
Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to 
Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee 
is in progress. Columbus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie 



OHIO. 



PAT 



91 



Canal, to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster Canal, from the 
Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 miles. 



Ohio and Erie Canal, 

see Ohio, (171.) 
Old Agency, Miss. (282.) 
Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) 
Onslow, N. C. (257.) 
Onslow bay, N. C. (257.) 
Opelousas, Lou. (307.) 
Opilacloy, F. (329.) 
Orange, C. H., Va. (175.) 
Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) 
Orwigsburg, Pa. (132.) 
Osage, Mo. (162.) 
Osborn, Va. (197.) 
Ossipee, N. H. (62.) 
Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) 
Oswego, N. Y. (57.) 
Oswego Ca'Z, see N.Y. (57, 



Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C. 

(13.) 
Ottsville, Pa. (133.) 
Ovid, II. (185.) 
Ovid, N. Y. (80.) 
Owego, N. Y. (80.) 
Owenton, K. (169.) 
Owenboro, K. (187.) 
Owingsville, K. (170.) 
Oxford, N.H. (61.) 
Oxford, N. Y. (81.) 
Oxford, II. (166.) 
Oxford, N.C. (216.) 
Oxford Rail R., see Pa. 

(156.) 
Oyster bay, N. Y. (135.) 



Painesville, O. (101.) 
Painesville, Va. (196.) 
Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) 
Palatine, N. Y. (59.) 
Palestine, II. (145.) 
Palestine, Ind. (167.) 
Palermo, Me. (40.) 
Pallachuchee, Ala, (285.) 
Palmyra, Me. (40.) 
Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) 
Palmyra, Mo. (141.) 
Palmyra, Miss. (279.) 
Paoli, Ind. (167.) 
Pamlico Sound, N. C. (238.) 
Pamlico R., N. C. (238.) ^ 
Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) 
Paris, K. (169.) 
Paris, Me. (39.) 
Paris, T. (206.) 



Parkman, O. (101.) 
Parker, N.C. (218.) 
Parkers, S. C. (210.) 
Parkers, Miss. (264.) 
Parkersburg, Va. (151.) 
Parrishville, N. Y. (35.) 
Parryville, II. (164.) 
Parrots, S. C. (254.) 
Parsonfield, Me. (63.) 
Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.) 
Pascagoola Bay, Miss. (311.) 
Pass Marian, Lou. (311.) 
Paterson and Hudson river 
R. Road, see N. J. (134.) 
Patterson, N. Y. (109.) 
Paterson, N. J. (134.) 
Patesville, K. (188.) 
Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) 



92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA. 

Palton, N. C. (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) 

Paictucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.) 

(85.) Pcmmaquid Pt. Me. (64.) 

Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (lOG.) 

Pearl R. Miss. (296.) Penobscot R., Me. (2,').) 

Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.) 

Peedee R., S. C. (255.) Pensacola, F. (312.) 

Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) 

Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 52 counties. 
Population, 1,347,672, including 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 
square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, Philadel- 
phia, in N. Lat. 39° 57' E. Long. 1° 47'. General election, 
second Tyesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday 
in December. Constitution formed, 1790. 

Government. — Governor, — term of office three years, sal- 
ary 84,000 ; secretary of state ; treasurer ; auditor-general ; 
surveyor-general ; and attorney-general. 

Legislature. — Senate consists of thirty-three members, 
elected for four years. House of Representatives, one hun- 
dred members, elected annually. 

Judiciary. — There is a supreme court, consisting of a 
chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds 
its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into 
five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 
16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common 
pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and 
two associates from each county. The judges of the 
supreme court receives a salary of 82,000 per annum ; the 
judges of the common pleas, $1,600; and the associates, 
$200. 

Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass 
obliquely across the central part of the stale, ranging, 
generally, from north-east to south-west. The several 
ridges which constitute the system here are known by lo- 
local name, differing in many cases, from those generally 
adopted by writers on geography. In passing along the 
great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller 
crosses, successively the following ridges : Mine Hill ; South 
Mountain ; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill ; Tussey's 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



93 



Mountain; Dunning's Mountain ; Will's Mountain; Alle- 
gheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The 
Allegheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the 
group ; it is here that the waters which run eastward and 
those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The 
ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else 
than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main 
ridge; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming mDre 
and more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. 
Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet ; the 
mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet 
above tide water. 

Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in 
the Delaware and Susquehanna, there is none within the 
borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are. Dun- 
can's island, at the mouth of the Juniata; Hill island, near 
Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some 
others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, 
Pettys, Biles, &c. Lakes. — Erie, which borders the N. 
W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the 
state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations 
of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. 

Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, 
Swatara, Juniata, West branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, 
Conemaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- 
iogeny, »Slc. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, 
lumber, live stock, iron, «Si:,c. &:c. 

Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis ; Har- 
risburg, the capital ; Pittsburg, Erie ; Lancaster, York, 
Reading, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West 
Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &:.c. &c. 

Internal Improvements : — 

State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- 
tends from Columbia to Hollidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. 
Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to 
Pittsburg, length, 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Penn- 
sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun- 
can's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch 
division, Pennsylvania Canal., from Northumberland to 



94 PENNSYLVANIA. 

Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyl- 
vania Canal, from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 6i)^ 
miles. An extension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now 
in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- 
tends ti-oin Bristol to Easton, SJ 3 4 miles, t'ittshurcr and 
Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 
miles of this work is completed. 

Canals constructed by joint stock companies. — Schuyl- 
kill Navigation, extends from Philadclpliia to Port Carbon, 
108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near 
Reading to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 8*2-08 milts. 
Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles 
in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easton to Mauch 
Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carty's 
point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from 
Lancaster to Safe Harbor, onJ.he Susquehanna, 16 miles. 
Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 
miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the wrcstern abut- 
ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 
500 yards in length. 

Stale Rail Roads. — Columhia Rail Road, extends from 
Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 
81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Holli- 
daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between 
the central and western divisions of the Pennsylvania ca- 
nal, length 36-69 miles. 

Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — 
Mauch Chunck Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal 
mines, 9 miles. Roo?n Run Rail Rood, from Mauch Chunk 
to the coalmine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon 
Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 
miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to 
Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 ms. 
Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, 
Irom Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mil! Creek, 
length, including branches, 7 miles. Mine Hill and Schuyl. 
kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal 
mines at Mine Hiil, length, including 2 branches, 20 ms. 
Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl- 
kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 95 

LacJcaicaxen Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carhondale, 
16^ miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia 
R. R. to Westchester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Oermantown 
and Norristown Rail Road, (about 7 miles of this road are 
completed, a new rout to Norristown, leaving;- Germanlovvn 
to the N. E. is also completed.) Lyken's Valley R. Road, 
from Broad Mountain to Millersburg. Philadelphia and 
Trenton Rail Rond, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail 
Road, from the vicinity of Pottsville to Sunbury, 44 54 ms. 
Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford 
R. Rood, now in progress, extends froni the Columbia R. R, 
to the Maryland state line. Reading R. R. to extend from 
Norristown to Port Clinton. 

Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, T. (227.) 
Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Person C. H., N. C. (215.) 

vania, (1.32.) Petersburg, P. (131.) 

Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (153.) 

Peoria, Ind. (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.) 

Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.) 

Perry sburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (197.) 

Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg and Roanoke ' 

Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia, 

Perrysville, P. (128.) (217.) 

Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va. (194.) 

Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of 
Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the 
U. S. Present pop. about 220,000. It is favorably situated 
between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles 
from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city 
proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Dela- 
■ware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west. Vine st. on the 
nortli, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the ju- 
risdiction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have 
each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu. 
lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with 
the others, or either of them. These regulations, being 
merely local in their operation, are unimportant in refer- 
ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for 
all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the 



96 PHILADELPHIA. 

adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, 
Spring Garden, Southwark, Moyamensing, &c. 

The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an 
outline of about 8^ miles. The principal streets of the city 
proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or 
Sassafras, Vine, Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, 
South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, «fcc. up to Thirteenth, 
whicli is succeeded by Broad street. Sec. Those of the Nor- 
thern Liberties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coates, 
Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts.. Old 
York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, 
Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &lc. In 
Spring Garden, are Marshall, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &.c. 
Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring Garden, Washing- 
ton streets, &,c. In Southwark, Shippen, Plum, German, 
Catharine, Queen, Christian,-Carpenter, Prime streets, Sac. 
And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitzwater, Catharine, Tide- 
marsh, Prime and Federal streets. In addition to the above, 
each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of 
which are well built. 

Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near 
the city are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which 
the various courts are held. Bank of the United States, 
Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu- 
seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United 
States Mint; all the above are in Chesnut street. Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Blockley 
Township ; Orphan's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Wills's 
Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street ; Pennsyl- 
vania Institution for the Blind, Race street ; Orphan's 
(Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph's, in Spruce street ; 
Widow's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Pennsylvania Institu- 
tion for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets ; 
Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and 
Walnut streets ; Custom-house, in Second street ; City 
Library, and Philosophical Hall and Athenium, in Fifth 
street near Chesnut ; Hall of the Franklin, (mechanics') 
Institute, in Seventh street; Acadamy of Natural Sciences, 
in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; 
Jefferson College, in Tenth street ; Musical Fund Hall, in 



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ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 





f Blue Mt. Gap, 


5 113 


New Berlin, 


11 133 




Port Dauphin, 


3 116 


Millheim, 


25 158 




Duncan's Isd. 


9 125 


Bellefonte, 


21 179 




Newport, 


10 135 


Phillipsburg, 


27 206 




Thon^psontown 


,11 146 


Curwinville, 


19 225 




Mexico, 


7 153 


Brookville, 


37 262 


* 


Mifflintown, 


4 157 


Shippensville, 


27 289 


ed 


Lewistown, 


14 171 


Franklin, 


18 307 


Waynesburg, 


14 185 


Meadville, 


25 332 


Aughwick F 's, 


12 197 


Waterford, 


23 355 




Huntingdon, 


17 214 


Erie, 


15 370 




Petersburg, 


7 221 








Alexandria, 


7 228 


To PoitsvUle, by Schuylkill 




Williamsburg, 


12 240 


Canal. 






Frankstown, 


10 250 


Manyunk, 


7 




_ Hollidaysburg, 


3 253r 


Flat Rock, 


1 8 


Johnstown, by R. R 


37 290 


Spring Mills, 


3 11 




f Laurel Hill, 


7 297 


Norristown, 


5 16 




Lock port, 


10 307 


Phenixville, 


12 28 




Chesnut Hill, 


5 312 


Pottstown, 


15 43 




Blairsville, 


8 320 


Unionville, 


3 46 


13 


Saltzburg, 


16 336 


Birdsboro, 


6 52 


|- 


Warrentown, 


12 348 


Reading, 


12 64 


Leech burg. 


10 358 


Hamburg, 


,23 87 




Allegheny aqua. 3 361 


Port Clinton, 


4 91 




Logan's Ferry, 


15 376 


Tunnel, 


7 98 




. Pittsburg, 


18 394 


Schuylkill Haven, 


3 101 






Mount Carbon, 


4 105 


To Erie, Pa. by Staff e. 


Pottsville, 


1 106 


Manyunk, 


7 


Port Carbon, 


2 108 


Norristown, 


9 16 







Trap, 


9 25 


To Bethlehem, Pa. 


by Stage. 


Pottstown, 


10 35 


Sunville, 


3 


Warrcnsburg, 


5 40 


Germantown, 


3 6 


Exeterlown, 


5 45 


Flowertown, 


5 11 


Reading, 


7 52 


Spring, 


6 17 


Hamburg, 


15 67 


Montgomery, 


4 21 


Orwigsburg-, 


11 78 


Lexington, 


4 25 


Potlsville, 


8 86 


Sellersville, 


7 32 


Sun 


bury, 


36 122 


Quakertown, 


5 37 



ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 



99 



Fryburg, 
Beihlchem, 


6 43 

8 51 


To Easton, by Stage. 
Slioemakerlown, 9 


Jenkintown, 


1 10 


Abington, 


1 11 


Willowgrove, 
NewviJle, 


2 13 

7 20 


Doylestown, 
Ottsville, 


4 24 
15 39 


Easton, 


17 56 



To New York^ by Stage. 

Frankford, 5 

Holmsburg, 4 9 

Bristol, 11 20 

Trenton, 11 31 

Princeton, 10 41 

Kingston, 3 44 

New Brunswick, 13 57 

Milton, 13 70 

Eiizabethtown, 5 75 

Newark, 6 81 

New York, 10 91 

To New York, by Steam Boat 

and Stage. 
Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 
Bristol, do. 1 20 

Bordentown, do. 10 30 
Trenton, do. 6 36 

Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 
New Brunswick, do. 17 63 
Perth Am boy, by S. 

Boat, 12 75 

New York, do. 25 100 



To New York, by Steam Boat 

and Rail Road. 
Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 
Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39 
Spotswood, 16 56 

South Amboy, 9 64 

Perth Amboy, by S. 

Boat, 2 66 

New York, 25 91 

To Baltimore, by Steam Boat 

and Rail Road. 
^ f Fort Mifflin, 8 

§ I Lazaretto, 5 13 

^ \ Chester, 5 18 

S ] Marcus Hook, 4 22 
I I Christiana Cr. 8 30 
^ L New Castle, 5 35 
Frenchtown,by R.R. 16 51 
Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120 



To Baltimore, by Stage. 

Darby, 6 

Chester, 9 15 

Wilmington, 13 28 

Elkton, 20 48 

Havre de Grace, 16 64 

Baltimore, 34 98 

To Baltimore, by Steam Boat 

and Canal. 
New Castle, as above, 

by Steam Boat, 35 

Delaware City, 6 41 

St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 
Deep Cut, do. 4 50 
Bohemia, do. 5 55 

Turkey Point, by S. 

Boat, 10 65 

Baltimore, do. 48 113 



100 



PHI 



PIT 



To Cape May by Steam 
Boat. 
Delaware City, as above, 41 
Reedy Island, 5 46 

Alia ways Creek 5 51 

Bombay Hook, 12 63 

Egg Island, 17 80 

Light Ho., May, 20 100 
Cape Island, 2 102 

To Cape May, by Stage. 

Woodbury, 9 

Jonesboro, 10 19 

Malaga, 10 29 

Millville, 13 42 

Port Elizabeth, 6 48 

Dennis Creek, 14 62 

Goshen, 4 66 



Philadelphia (West) Canal, 
see Pennsylvania, (157.) 

Philadelphia, Germaniown 
4r Norristown Rail Road, 
see Pennsylvania, (1 33.) 

Philadelphia, K. (188.) 

Phillipsburg, L. C. (16.) 

Phillipsburg, P. (130.) 

Pickensville, S. C. (252.) 

Pickensville, Miss. (280.) 

Picolata, F. (330.) 

Pierces, Ga. (289.) 

Pike, N. Y. (78.) 

Pikeville,K. (192.) 

Pikeville, T. (229.) 

Pikeville, Ala. (246.) 

Piketon, O. (150.) 

Pinckneyville,S.C. (253.) 

Pine BlufF, Ark. (242.) 

Pine Log, Ga. (250.) 



Cape May, C. H. 4 70 

Cold Spring, 9 79 

Cape Island, 2 81 

To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by 
Stage. 
Pensauken Creek, 9 

'Hampton, F. 17 26 

Washington, 9 35 

Tuckerton, 14 49 

To Long Branch. 
Bordentovvn, by S. B. 30 

Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 
Monmouth, do. 18 55 
Eaton, do. 10 65 

Long Branch, do. 4 69 



Pineville, S. C. (273.) 
Pine Grove Rail Road, see 

Pennsylvania, (132.) 
Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) 
Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) 
Piscatavvay, Md. (177.) 
Piqua, O. (124.) 
Point au I'remble, L. C.(15.) 
Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (69.) 
Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) 
Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.) 
Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) 
P. du Rocher, II. (163.) 
P. Frederick, Md. (177.) 
Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) 
Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) 
Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) 
Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) 
Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) 
Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) 



PITTSBURG. 



101 



Pittston, Pa. (107.) 

Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded 
in 176.5 ; and now contains a population of about 31,000 in- 
cluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmingham, 
&'C. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu- 
factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex- 
change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, 
museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, 
many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various denomi- 
nations, 

ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. 



To Cincinnati, O. 

Boat. 
Middlctown, 
Beavertown, 
Fawcetstown, 
Steubenville, 
Wellsburg, 
Warrenton, 
Wheelmg, 
Elizabethtown, 
Sistersvillc, 
Newport, 
Marietta, 
Parkersburg, 
Bellville, 
Letarts rapids, 
Point Pleasant, 
Gallipolis, 
Guyandot, 
Burlington, 
Portsmouth, 
Manchester, 
Maysville, 
Ripley, 
Augusta, 
Point Pleasant, 



by Steam 



18 

19 

22 

7 

6 

8 



11 
29 
48 
70 
77 
83 
91 
13 104 

35 139 
17 156 

16 172 
13 185 

17 202 
30 232 
29 261 

3 264 
34 298 

7 305 
41 346 

36 382 
10 392 

7 399 

9 408 

15 423 



Cincinnati, 
(See Cincinnati.) 

To Philadelphia, by 
East Liberty, 
Wilkinsburg, 
Howardsville, 
Stewartsville, 
Adamsburg, 
Greensburg, 
Youngstown, 
Laughlin, 
Stoystown, 
Bedford, 
M'Connels T. 
Chambersburg, 
Gettysburg, 
York, 
Columbia, 
Lancaster,by R.R. 
Downingtown, 
Philadelphia, 



26 449 



Stage. 
5 
8 
11 



19 
25 
32 
42 

55 

71 

99 

130 



19 149 
25 174 
29 203 
11 214 
13 227 
37 264 
32 296 



i To Philadelphia, by Canal 
I and Rail Road. 

1 Allegheny aqueduct, 23 
9* 



102 



PIT 



Blairsville, 41 74 

Johnstown, by R. R. 30 104 
fHollidaysburg, 37 141 
Huntingdon, 39 180 
Lewistown, 43 223 
Duncan Island, 46 269 
Middletown, 26 295 
L Columbia, 17 302 

Philadelphia, R. R. 82 394 

To Erie, Pa. by Stage. 
Woodville, 18 

Butler, 9 27 

Centreville, 18 45 



PORTLAND 


• 


Mercer, 


15 60 


Georgetown, 
Meadville, 


15 75 

15 90 


Waterford, 


23 113 


Erie, 


15 128 


To Wheeling, by 
Findlaysville, 
Washington, 
Martinsburg, 
Claysville, 


Stage. 

13 

11 24 

5 29 

4 31 


W. Alexandria, 


6 39 


Wheeling, 


16 55 



Pittsboro, N. C. (235.) 
Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) 
Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) 
Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) 
Pleasant River Bay, Me. 

(42.) 
Plymouth, N. H. (62.) 
Plymouth, Mass. (112.) 
Plymouth, N. C. (238.) 
Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) 
Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) 
Point Alderlon, Mass. (86.) 
Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) 



Pompton, N. J. (108.) 
Pontiac, Mich. (73.) 
Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) 
Portage, N. Y. (57.) 
Portage, O. (101.) 
Port Deposit Canal, see 

Maryland, (156.) 
Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.) 
Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) 
Port Barnet, Pa. (103.) 
Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) 
Port Williams, K. (168.) 
Port Royal, Va. (176.) 



Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population 
of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, 
among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 
churches, 6 banks, &.c. 

ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. 



To Boston by Stage. 1 York, 15 47 

Saco, 16 I Portsmouth, 9 56 

Kennebunk port, 10 26 I Hampton Falls, 13 69 

Wells, 6 32 I Newburyport, 9 78 





PORTLAND. lUcJ 


Bowley, 


5 83 


Eastport, 15 231 


Topsfield, 


8 91 





Danvers, 


6 97 


To Quebec, by Stage. 


Sangus, 


7 104 


Brunswick, 27 


Boston, 


10 114 


Bodoinham, 13 40 






Gardner, 11 51 


To Boston, via 


Salem, hy 


Hallowell, 4 55 


Stage 


, 


Augusta, 3 58 


Rowley, as above, 83 


Waterville, 17 75 


Ipswich, 


5 88 


Norridgwock, 16 91 


Hamilton, 


5 93 


Solon, 20 111 


Wenham, 


2 95 


Moscow, 13 124 


Beverly, 


4 99 


Ferry over Kenne- 


Salem, 


3 102 


beck river, 17 141 


Lynn, 


5 107 


Monument, 48 189 


Boston, 


10 117 


St. Joseph, 54 243 






St. Henry, 28 271 


To Eastport, hy Stage. 


Quebec, 12 283 


Freeport, 


18 




Brunswick, 


9 27 


To Alfred. 


Bath, 


7 34 


Buxton, 15 


Wiscasset, 


15 49 


Alfred, 14 29 


Waldoboro, 


18 67 




Warren, 


9 76 


To White Hills. 


Tiiomastown, 


4 80 


Standish, 17 


Camden, 


11 91 


Hiram, 14 31 


Belfast, 


18 109 


Boundary line, 10 41 


Castine, (by water,) 9 118 


Mt. Washington, 47 88 


BluehiU, 


10 128 




Elsworth, 


14 142 


To Paris. 


Franklin, 


12 154 


Windham, 15 


Cherryfield, 


20 174 


Raymond, 11 26 


Columbia, 


12 186 


Otisfield, 11 37 


Machias, 


15 201 


Paris, 13 50 


Whiting, 


15 216 




Portland, N. Y. 


(77.) ~~ 


Portsmouth, N. H. (63.) 


Portland, Ala. (283.) 


Portsmouth and Roanoke 


Porter sville, Inc 


. (167.) 


Rail Road, see Va. (218.) 


Ports, S.C. (274.) 


Portsmouth, 0. (171.) 



104 



POT 



Potatoe F., S. C. (274.) 
Potomac, Md. (154.) 
Potomac R., Md. (177.) 
Potomac Navigation, see 

Virginia, (15,').) 
Potosi, Mo. (,184.) 
Pottsdam, N. Y. (35) 
Pottstown, Pa. (133.) 
Poltersville, Pa. (102.) 
Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.) 
Powelton, Ga. (271.) 
Prairie du Chien, Mich. (66. 
Prairie Bluff, Ala. (283.) 
Prattsville, Md. (154.) 
Prestonburg, K. (192.) 
Prescolt, U. C (34.) 
Presque I., U. C. (56.) 
Presque Is. Pa. (76.) 

Qnapaw Villages, Ark.(242 
Queenstown, Md. (177.) 
Quincy, Mass. (86.) 

Racoon Spring, K. (191.) 
Reasville, Ga. (271.) 



RALEIGH. 

Princeton, N. J. (1 34.) 
Princeton, Ind. (166.) 
Princeton, K. (187.) 
Princess Anne, Md. (178.) 
Prophetstown, Ind. (122.) 
Providence, R. I. (HI.) 
Providence and ISorwich 

Rail Road, see R. I. {in.) 
Provincetown, Mass. (bU.) 
Prudhomme, Lou. (293.) 
Prunty, Va. (152.) 

) Puckna, Ala. (267.) 
Pughtovvn, Va. (154.) 
Pulaski, T. (227.) 
PultneyviUe, N.Y. (56.) 

" Purdy, T. (226.) 
Paris, S. C. (289.) 
Putnam, Ind. (146.) 

Q. 

.) Quincy, II. (141.) 
Quincy, F. (315.) 



R. 



Raleigh, T. (225.) 



Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, con- 
tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public buildings 
are a state-house, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, 
two or three banks, two churches, &c. 

ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. 



To Richmond, Va 


by Stasre. 


To Edenion 


by Stage. 


Louisburg, 


35 


Wakefield, 


20 


Warrenton, 


23 58 


Tarboro, 


46 66 


Lawrenceville, 


38 96 


Williamston, 


34 100 


Petersburg, 


50 146 


Jamestown, 


11 111 


Richoiond, 


21 167 


Plynaoutb, 


13 124 






EdentoD, 


14 138 



RALEIGH. READING. 


1U& 


To Newburn, by Stage, 


Lit. Lynches Cr. 


21 162 


Smithfield, 30 


Camden, 


12 174 


Waynesboro, 24 54 


Columbia, 


32 106 


Kingston, 26 80 






Newbern, 47 127 


To Knoxville, T. 


hy Stage. 




Branthys, 


16 


To Wilmington, hy Stage. 


Pittboro, 


20 36 


Fayetteville, 58 


Ashboro, 


34 70 


Elizabeth, 39 97 


Salisbury, 


32 102 


Wilmington, 61 158 


Statesville, 


27 129 




Morgantown, 


38 167 


To Columbia, S. C. 


Ashville, 


62 229 


Fayetteville, 58 


Warm Springs, 


36 265 


Laurel Hill, 33 91 


Newport, T. 


28 293 


Cheraw, 28 119 


Dandridge, T. 


15 308 


Evans Ford, 22 141 


Knoxville, T. 


32 340 



Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) 
Rantales, S. C. (290.) 
Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) 



Ravenna, O. (101.) 
Raymond, Me. (63.) 
Reading, N. Y. (80.) 



Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county. 
Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of 
a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, 
&c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants 
of Germans. 

ROUTES FROM READING. 



To Philadelphia 
Exetertown, 


by Stage. 


Unionville, 
Pottstown, 




6 18 
3 21 


Warrenburg, 


5 12 


Phenixville, 




15 36 


Pottstown, 


5 17 


Norristown, 




12 48 


Trap, 

Norristown, 
Manayunk, 
Philadelphia, 


10 27 
9 36 
9 45 
7 52 


Manayunk, 9 57 
Philadelphia, 7 64 

To Pottsville, by Schuylkill 
Canal. 


To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- 
kill Canal. 


Hamburg, 
Port Clinton, 




23 
4 27 


Birdsboro, 


12 


Schuylkill Haven, 


10 37 



108 REA 




RHODE-ISLAND. 


Pottsville, 


5 42 


To Lancaster, by Stage. 


Port Carbon, 


2 44 


.Adamstown, 9 






Rcainstown, 5 14 


To Fottsville, by Stage. 


Ephrata, 4 18 


Maiden Creek, 


7 


Lancaster, 13 31 


Hamburg, 


8 15 




Port Clinton, 


5 20 


To Harrishurg, by Stage. 


Orwigsburg, 


6 26 


Sinking Spring, 4 


Pottsville, 


8 34 


Womelsdort; 9 13 






Myerstown, 7 20 


To Middleiown, 


by Union 


Lebanon, 6 26 


Canal. 




Millerstown, 5 31 


Berneville, 


15 


Palmyra, 6 37 


Womelsdorf, 


10 25 


Hummelstown, 6 43 


Stouchstown, 


3 28 


Harrisburg, 9 52 


Myerstown, 


5 33 




Lebanon, 


8 41 


To Easton, by Stage. , 


Tunnel, 


1 42 


Kutziown, 17 


Swatara river, 


7 49 


Trexlerstown, 9 26 


Quittapahilla R. 


11 60 


Allentown, 8 34 


Middlclown, 


19 79 


Bethlehem, 5 40 
Easton, 10 50 


Reading, 0. (148.) 


Reister, Md. (156.) 


Red River, Lou. 


294.) 


Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.) 


Red Church, Lou. 


(323.) 


Reyuoldsburg, T. (207.) 


ReJheimers, S. C 


(273.) 





Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five coun- 
ties. Population in 1630, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square 
miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport ; metropolis, 
Providence; lat. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General elec- 
tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes- 
day in May and last Wednesday in October. Date of 
Charter (from Charles II.), 1663. 

Officers of the government for one year; governor, sala- 
ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, 
fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney -general, 
fees. 

General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor, 



RHODE-ISLAND. 107 

lieutenant-governor, and eiglit senators. House of repre- 
sentatives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. 

Judiciary, — is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of a 
chief justice ($650 per annum,) and two associate judges 
($550 each,) and a court of common pleas, composed of five 
judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are 
appointed annually by the general assembly. 

Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation 
exist in this slate. In the north-west quarter, hills of con- 
siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals; tlie sub- 
stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which fre- 
quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the 
valleys also. These give to this part of the state a rugged 
and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters 
may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occa- 
sioned by low hills ; these, however, diminish in number 
and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within 
a few miles of which they terminate altogether. 

Lakes. — VVatcI)ogg and Charles in the south-west. Paw- 
tuxet and several smaller lakes in the north-west. 

Rivers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Paw» 
tucket, Pawtuxel, Pawcatuck, Charles Rivers, &c. 

Islands. — Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some 
smaller islands. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden 
vegetables, cattle, &,c. &c. 

Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, 
Pawtucket, Burrelville, Slatersvillc, Pawtuxet, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Blackstone Canal, (see Massa- 
chusetts.) Slonington Rail Road (now in progress,) ex- 
tends frnm Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 
miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con- 
struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich, in Con 
necticut. 

Rliodep, T. (22R.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) 

Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109.) Kichmond, N. Y. (13=4.) 

Riceboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.) 

Ricliardsonvllle, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H., Va, (III.) 
Richfield, N. Y. (81.) 



108 



RICHMOND. 



Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of V^irginia. 
Population in 1S30, 16,085. Public buildings, state-house, 
penitentiary, court-house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 
8 or 10 handsome churches. 



ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. 



To Norfolk, hy Steam Boat. 


Fredericksburg, 


22 64 


Warwick, 


7 


Stafford C. H. 


9 73 


Osborn, 


10 17 


Aquia, 


5 78 


Eppes Island, 


22 39 


Dumfries, 


9 87 


Windmill Point, 


11 50 


Occoquan, 


9 96 


Jamestown, 


24 74 


Alexandria, 


17 113 


Burrels Bay, 


13 87 


Washington, 


9 122 


Newport News, 


15 102 






Carney Island, 


9 iir 


To Raleigh, N. C 


by Stage. 


Norfolk, 


6 117 


Petersburg, 


21 






No tow ay R. 


32 53 


To Baltimore, 


by Steam 


Lawrenceville, 


18 71 


Boat. 




Roanoke R. 


19 90 


Newport News, as 


Warrenton, 


19 109 


above. 


'10-2 


Louisburg, 


23 132 


Fort Calhoun, 


8 110 


Raleigh, 


25 167 


Old Pt. Comfort, 


1 111 






New ditto. 


23 134 


To Noi-folk, hy Stage. 


Rappahannoc R. 


22 156 


Petersburg, 


21 


Light Boat, 


21 177 


Cabin Point, 


26 47 


Cedar Point, 


32 209 


Surry, C. H. 


14 61 


Sharps Island, 


25 234 


Smithfield, 


18 79 


Herring Bay, 


10 244 


Nansemond R. 


11 90 


Thomas' Point, 


12 256 


Norfolk, 


25 215 


Bodkin Pt. 


20 276 






North Pt. 


3 279 


To Knozville, Ten. by 


Fort M'Henry, 


7 286 


Stage. 




Baltimore, 


3 289 


Powhatan C. H. 


32 






Cumberland C. H. 


25 57 


To Washington 


City, by 


Lynchburg, 


56 113 


Stage. 




New London, 


11 124 


Hanover, C. H. 


19 


Liberty, 


15 139 


Bowlinggreen, 


23 42 


Big Lick, 


28 167 





RICHMOND. 


109 


Saiem, 


7 174 


Warm Springs, 


36 168 


Christiansburg, 


27 201 


Hot do. 


5 173 


Nevvbern, 


17 218 


White Sulphur Sp. 


38 211 


Evansham, 


28 246 


Lewisburg, 


10 221 


Mt. Airy, 


15 161 


Salt Works, 


82 303 


Abingdon, 


41 302 


Charleston, 


4 307 


Blountsvillc, 


24 326 


Guyandot, 


41 348 


Kingsport, 


17 343 






Rogersville, 


26 369 


To Winchester, via Har- 


Rutledge, 


31 400 


risonburg, by Stage. 


Knoxville, 


32 432 


So. Anna R. 


21 






Louisa C. H. 


30 51 


To Guyandot, via Warm 


Gordon sville. 


15 66 


Springs, by Stage. 


Barboursville, 


6 72 


Goochland C. H. 


29 


Stannardsville, 


15 87 


Columbia, 


19 48 


Magaughey T. 


23 110 


Monticello, 


17 65 


Harrisonburg, 


11 121 


Charlottesville, & 


i 3 78 


Mt, Pleasant, 


25 146 


University of Va. 


Woodstock, 


13 159 


York, 


19 97 


Strasburg, 


31 170 


Waynesboro, 


6 103 


Newtown, 


11 181 


Staunton, 


12 115 


Winchester, 


8 189 


Gap, 


17 132 







Richmond, K. (190.) 
Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) 
Ridgeville, Pa. ri31.) 
Ridge, S. C. (272.) 
R. des Moines, (90.) 
R. St. Croix, xMe, (21.) 
R. St. Francis, L. C. (16.) 
R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33. 
River St. Clair, U. C. (51.) 
River Head, N. Y. (136.) 
Rivers, S. C. (272.) 
Roanoke R., Va. (216.) 
Roanoke Inlet, N. C. 

(239.) 
Robbinston, Me. (42.) 
Robertsville, S. C. (289.) 



Rochester Rail Road, see N. 

York, (56.) 
Rochester and Batavia R. 

Road, see N. York, (56.^) 
Roanoke Navigation, see N. 

Carolina & Va. (216.) 

Room Run Rail Road, see 

) Pennsvlvania, (133.) 

Reading R. R. see Pa. (133.) 

Rappahannock Navigation, 

see Virginia, (176.) 
Richmond and Petersburg 

Rail Road, see Va. (197.) 
Richmond and Fredericks- 
burg Rail Road, see Va, 

(197.) 
10 



no 



ROCHESTER. 



Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac- 
turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee 
river, above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance 
into Lake Ontario; founded in 1812; population is about 
20,000. Public buildings, &.c. — court-house, jail, twelve 
churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid 
aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or six excellent hotels, 
bath house, &.c. &c. 

ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER. 



To Albany, by 


Erie Canal. 


Tonnewanta, 


10 83 


Pittsford, 


10 


Buflfalo, 


12 95 


Palmyra, 


19 29 






Newark, 


8 37 


To Niagara 


Falls. 


Lyons, 


7 44 


Parma, by ridge 


road, 11 


Clyde, 


9 53' 


Clarkson, 


7 IS 


Montezuma, 


11 64 


Gainsville, 


15 33 


Jordan, 


15 79 


Oak Orchard, 


7 40 


Syracuse, 


20 99 


Hartland, 


14 54 


Manlius, 


[9 108 


Cambria, 


12 66 


Canistota, 


16 124 


Lewistown, 


15 81 


Rome, 


21 145 


Niagara Falls, 


6 87 


Utica, 


15 160 






Little Falls, 


22 182 


To Utica. 


Canajoharie, 


19 201 


Pittsford, 


8 


Amsterdam, 


23 224 


Mendon, 


7 15 


Shenectady, 


16 240 


Bloom field. 


5 20 


Albany, 


28 268 


Canandaigua, 


9 29 




- 


Geneva, 


16 45 


To Bvfalo, by 


Erie Canal. 


Cayuga, 


14 59 


Ogden, 


12 


Auburn, 


9 68 


Adams' Basin, 


3 15 


West Hills, 


21 89 


Brockport, 


5 20 


Lenox, 


26 115 


Holly, 


5 25 


Utica, 


26 141 


Albion, 


10 35 






Wrightsvilles 


11 46 


To Buffalo, by Stage. 


Middleport, 


9 55 


Bergen, 


17 


Lockport, 


9 64 


Ba:tavia, 


13 30 


Pendleton, 


9 73 


Pembroke, 


14 44 



ROC 


SAN 111 


Ransoms Grove, 8 52 


BafFalo, 10 70 


WiUiamsville, 8 60 




Rock R, 11. (93.) 


Rossville, T. (229.) 


Rock Pt., Lou. (279.) 


Rotterdam, N. Y. (58.) 


Rockaway, N. Y. (135.) 


Rouses Point, L. C. (15.) 


Rock Haven, 11. (186.) 


Rovvlando, (255.) 


Rockford, N. C. (214.) 


Royalton, Vt. (6).) 


Rock port, Ind. (188.) 


Rumford, Me. (39.) 


Rockville, Ind. (145.) 


RushviHe, 11, (118.) 


RockviUe, Md.(]55.) 


Rushville,Ind. (147.) 


Rockingham, N. C. (235.) 


Russel, N. Y. (34.) 


Rockymount. Va. (215.) 


Russelville, K. (208.) 


Rogers, Pa. (106.) 


Russelville, Ala. (247.) 


Rome, N. Y. (58.) 


Rutland, Vt. (61.) 


Rome, N. Y. (108.) 


Rutledge, T. (211.) 


Rome, Ind. (167.) 


^ Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.) 


Romney, Va. (154.) 


* Ryegate, Vt. (37.) 



Saluda Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (253.) 

Savannah and Ogechce 
Canal, see Ga. ^289.) 

Seneca Canal, see N. Y. (80.) 

Schenectady and Saratoga 
Rail Road, see N. Y. (83.) 

Schenectady and Utica Rail 
Road, see N. Y. (82.) 

Schuylkill Navigation, see 
Pa. (134.) 

Schuylkill Valley R. Road, 
see Pa. (132.) 

Schuylkill Rail Road, see 
Pa. (132.) 

Schuylkill (Little) R. Road, 
see Pa. (133.) 

Slonington Rail Road, see 
Rhode Island, (111.) 

Salem Canal, see New Jer- 
sey, (157.) 



South Carolina Rail Road, 

see S. Carolina, (273.) 
Santee Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (273.) 
Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.) 
Sabine R., Lou, (306.) 
Sackefs Harb., N. Y. (57.) 
Saco, Me. (63.) 
Sagharbor, N. Y.(135.) 
Salem, Mass. (86.) 
Salem, O. (148.) 
Salem, N. J. (157.) 
Salisbury, N. H, (62.) 
Salem, 11. (165.) 
Salt Works, II. (121.) 
Salt Licks, Lou. (278.) 
Salt River, Mo. (141.) 
Sakibria, N. Y. (80.) 
Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) 
Sandersville, Ga. (288.) 



112 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Sandusky Bay, O, (100.) 
Sandusky C.,0. (100.) 
Sandwich, U. C. (74.) 
Sandwich, Mass. (112.) 
Sandy Point, Mass. (1 12.) 
Sandy Hook, N.Y. (135.) 
Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.) 
SangamoR., 11. (144.) 
Sangcrfield, N. Y. (81.) 
Santa Rosa I., F. (3 12.) 



Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) 
Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.) 
Santee R., S. C. (273.) 
Santilla R,, Ga. (304.) 
Sapelo Sound, Ga. (305.) 
Sauk Village, II. (92.) ^ 
Slate Navigation, see Vir- 
ginia, (196.) 
Shenandoah Navigation, see 
Virginia, (175.) 



Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of 
these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara- 
toga county, and are about equi-distant from Shenectady 
and Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the 
visiters, by the spacious and"elegant hotels, which abound 
here. The most noted of these are. Congress Hall, near 
the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of 
the village, the Pavilion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union 
Hall, opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the 
Pavilion, Washington Hall, in the north end of the village, 
together with some other hotels and boarding houses. 
There are also commodious bathing houses, circulating 
library, reading rooms, raineralogical cabinet, &c. &c. 

ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



To Albany, by Rail Road. 

Ballston Spa, 6 

Schenectady, 14 20 

Albany, 16 36 

To Albany, via TVaterford, 

Ballston Spa, 6 

Waterford, 22 28 



Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population 
in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c. — exchange, banks, 
academy, several handsome churches, public squares, •kc. 



Troy, 
Albany, 


4 32 

8 40 


To Whitehall, by Stage. 
Northumberland, 4 
Glenn's falls, and Sandy 

hill, 15 19 
Fort Ann, 10 29 
Whitehall, 12 41 



SAVANNAH. 
ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH. 



113 



To Augusta, by Steam Boat. 


To Augusta, 


by Stage. 


Argyle Island, 


7 


Abercorn, 


17 


Isla I. 


8 15 


Ebenezer, 


8 25 


Purisburg, 


16 31 


Jacksonboro, 


45 70 


-Beck's Ferry, 


5 36 


Augusta, 


65 135 


Ebenezer, 


10 46 






Sisters' Ferry, 


19 65 


To MilledgeviUe, by Stage. 


Hudson's Ferry, 


25 90 


Gr. Ogechee R. 


20 


Blanket Point, 


5 95 


Statesboro, 


29 49 


Brier Creek, 


16 111 


Sandersville, 


86 135 


Burton's Ferry, 


24 135 


MilledgeviUe, 


28 163 


Lower 3 runs, 


11 146 






Steel Creek, 


12 158 


To St. Mary's, 


by Stage. 


Limestone Bluff, 


13 171 


Bryan, old C. H. 


17 


Dog Ferry, 


3 174 


Riceboro, 


17 34 


Demaries Ferry, 


11 185 


Barrington, 


20 54 


Gray's Landing, 


10 195 


Buffalo Cr. 


14 68 


Wallicon's Ferry, 


29 224 


Scilla R. 


10 78 


Augusta, 


7 231 


Jefferson, 


20 98 






St. Mary's, 


20 118 


To Charleston., by Steam 






Boat. 




To Darien, by Stage. 


Fort Jackson, 


3 


Sunbury, 


20 


Elba Island, 


5 8 


Sapelo, 


16 36 


Long 1. 


3 11 


Darien, 


12 48 


Bloody Point, 


6 17 






Hilton Head, 


18 35 


To Charleston, 


by Stage. 


Trancard's Inlet, 


4 39 


New River, 


14 


Fripp's Inlet, 


12 51 


Hogtown, 


9 23 


St. Helena Sound, 


9 60 


Coosawatchie, 


17 40 


S. Edisto Inlet, 


3 63 


Pocotaligo, 


6 46 


N. do. do. 


13 76 


Parker's Ferry, 


32 78 


Stono Inlet, 


14 90 


Guerin' Ferry, 


17 95 


Coffin I. L. House, 


11 101 


Charleston, 


11 106 


Fort Moultrie, 


6 107 






Charleston, 


4 111 






Savannah R., Ga. (290.) 


Schenectady, N. 


Y. (83.) 




1 


0* 





114 



SOITH CAROLINA. 



Scodic Pt., Me. (41.) 
Seavvright, S. C. (273.) 
Sellers, Pa. (133.) 
Selma, Ala. (283.) 
Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) 
Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) 
Shakers, (61.) 
Shallo^v Lakes, N. H. (31.) 
Shandecan, N. Y. (82.) 
Sheffield, Mass. (83.) 
Shelbyville, II. (144.) 
Shelbyville, Ind. (147.) 
Sherbourne, N. Y. (81.) 
Shieldsboro, Miss. (3l0.) 
Shippensburg, Pa. (131.) . 
Shinersville, (106.) 
Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) 
Shoreham, Vt. (60.) 
Shoal R., 11.(118.) 



Shullsburg, Mich. (66.) 
Sidney, Me. (40.) 
Sistersville, Va. (151.) 
Three Sister's Islands, Mich. 

(99.) 
Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.) 
Small Pt., Me. (54.) 
Smithport, Pa. (104.) 
Smithfield, Va. (152.) 
Smyrna, Del. (157.) 
Solon, N. Y. (81.) 
Somerset, Pa. (129.) 
Somerset, O. (150.) 
Somerville, N. J. (134.) 
Sorel, Lou. (322.) 
Sorrel R., L. C. (15.) 
So. Bend, Ind. (96.) 
Sotos, Lou. (277.) 



South Carolina, state of, (253,) is divided into 29 dis- 
tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 
slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; 
metropolis, Charleston ; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. 
General election, second Monday in October, biennially. 
Legislature meet, fourth Monday in November; constitu- 
tion formed 1790, since amended. 

Government. — Governor — term of office two years, 
salary, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieuten- 
ant governor, &,c. 

Legislature. — The legislative powder is vested in a 
senate, having 45 members, elected for four years, one half 
being chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, 
composed of 124 members, elected for two years; these 
bodies are styled the General Assembly. 

Judiciary. — Consists of a court of appeals, composed of 
three judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each; a court 
of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom 
receives !^3,500 per annum ; and a court of general sessions 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 115 

and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each o^ 
$3,500 per annum. 

Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast and for several 
miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil 
consists of swamps and marshes, interspersed with ridges 
sufficiently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of 
which are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. 
After passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the 
great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun- 
try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in- 
crease in number and magnitude, until they become so 
numerous as to form continuous ridges ; these continue to 
enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the 
spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms 
a part of the boundary of the state. 

Rivers. — Pedee, cWaccamaw, Little Pedee, Lynches 
Creek, Santee, Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, 
Ennoree, Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Combahee, and 
Savannah. 

Islands. — North I., Murphey, Cape Roman, Bulls, De- 
wees, SuUivans, Holly, Johns, Wadmelaw, Edisto, Rey- 
nolds, Hunting, St. Helena, Ladies, Port Royal, Hilton 
Head, &,c. &,c. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits, &c. &c. 

Towns. — Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, 
Camden, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, 
Edgefield, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, 
commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of 
Hamburg, opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. 
It is proposed to construct a branch to Orangeburg, and 
thence to Columbia, &c. and another to Barnwell C. H. 
Santee Canal connects the harbour of Charleston with the 
Santee, length 22 miles. Winyaw Canal, extends from Win- 
yaw Bay to Kinlock Creek, a branch of Santee river, length 
7-40 miles. The navigation of the Catawba has been im- 
proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda 
Canal, extends from the head of Saluda shoals to Granby 
Ferry on the Congaree, 6-20 miles in length. Drehr's Canal, 



116 



SPA 



SYR 



is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, 
length 1 1-3 miles. Loric¥s Canal, on Broad river, Ij 
miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockharVs Canal, in 
Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in Broad river, 
2 3-4 miles long. 



Spains, Ga. (286.) 
Sparta, Lou. (279.) 
Sparta, Ala. (299.) 
Spencer, N. Y. (80.) 
Spencer, Ind. (J 46.) 
Spillers, Lou. (309.) 
Springfield, Mass. (84.) 
Springfield, II. (143.) 
Springfield, O. (149.) 
Springfield, Lou. (309.) 
Springfield, Va. (154.) 
Springs, Schooley's Mt., N. 

J. (134.) 
Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) 
St. Albans, Vt. (36.) 
St Amaud, L. C. (16.) 
St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.) 
St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.) 
St. Augustine, FI. (330.; 
St. Catharine's Sound, Ga. 

(305.) 
St. Charles, Mo. (163.) 
St. ClairsviUe, O. (128.) 
St. Clair, Mich. (74.) 
St. Dennis, L. C. (15.) 
St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) 
St. Gabriel, Lou. (308.) 
St, Helena Sound, S. C. 

(290.) 
St. Helena, Lou. (309.) 
St. Joseph's R., Ind., (97.) 
St. John's R.,F1. (318.) 
St. Louis, Mo. (163.) 



St. Marks, Fl. (315.) 
St. Martins, Lou. (308.) 
St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.) 
St. Mary's, Ga. (318.) 
St. Regis, L. C. (14.) 
St. Simons 1., Ga. (305.) 
St. Stephens, Ala. (298.) 
St. Sulpice, L.C. (15.) 
Stafford, Ct. (110.) 
Statesboro, Ga. (289.) 
Stedham, Fl. (314.) 
Sterlmg, II. (145.) 
Steubenville, O. (128.) 
Stillwater, N. Y. (83.) 
Stoddardsville, Pa. (107.) 
Stockbridge, Mass. (83.) 
Stockport, Pa. (107.) 
Stoystown, Pa. (130.) 
Strasburg, Pa. (.156.) 
Strawberry Ferry, S. C. 

(274.) 
Stuart T., N. H. (38.) 
Sturbridge, Mass. (84.) 
Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.) 
SullivansI.,S.C.(291.) 
Sunbury, Pa. (132.) 
Susquehanna R., Pa. (105.) 
Suwanee R., Ga. (316.) 
Suwanee, Fl. (328.) 
Swunsboro, Ga. ('288.) 
Sweatz, Lou. (307.) 
Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) 
Syracuse, N. Y. (57.) 



TALLAHASSEE. — TENNESSEE. 



117 



TaUapoosa R. Ala. (278.) Talbot Ft., U. C. (76.) 

Tallahassee, Fl. (315,) capital of Florida, founded and 
immediately incorporated as a city, in 1825. Population, 
about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some 
churches, &.c. 

ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE. 



2'o Fensacola. 


Richardson, 


29 45 


Salubrity, 10 


Suvvanee Ferry, 


30 75 


Aspalaga, 34 44 


Dells P., 0. 


54 129 


Chipalo, 16 60 


Picolati, 


55 184 


Choctawhatchee R. 47 107 


St. Augustine, 


22 206 


Andersons, 58 165 






Pensacola, 37 202 


To Lake lamony, 


9 




To Lake Jackson, 


4 


To St. Augustine. 


To St. Marks, 


21 


Gadsden, 16 







Taney T., Md. (155.) 
Tappahannock, Va. (198.) 
Tarboro, N. C. (237.) 
Tarleton, O. (150.) 
Tatesville, Ala. (299.) 
Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288.) 
Taunton, Mass. (111.) 



Taylorsville, Va. (214.) 
Taylor, Ga. (289.) 
Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) 
Tolland, Ct. (110.) 
Tennessee R.,T. (206.) 
Tennessee R., Ala. (248.) 



Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 63 counties. 
Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. 
Area, 40,200 square miles. Capital and Metropolis, Nash- 
ville; Lat. 36° 07' N. Long. 9° 44' W. General election, 
first Thursday and Friday in August, biennially. Legis- 
lature meet, third Monday in September, every second 
year; date of constitution, 1796. 

Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary 
$2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a seaate 
and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, 
the members of both are elected biennially, and receive 
each $4 a day during the session of the legislature. 

Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals 
consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum, 



118 TENNESSEE. 

two chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, 
and a like number of judges, salary of each $1,300 per 
annum. 

Physical Structure. — The most elevated portion of this 
state is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state 
of North Carolina, to which several local names have been 
applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky 
Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains 
form a single ridge of tlie Alleghenies, which, next to the 
blue ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. 
In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several 
inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which 
spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish 
the hydrography of this portion of the state. 

The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the 
country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, 
though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated above the level 
of tide water. 

A few miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten- 
nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, 
and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this 
part of the state. The Cumberland mountain, so called, 
assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla- 
teau, elevated, probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the 
ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not less than 
40 miles; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, 
forms, with the exception of some hills, the last of the nu- 
merous elevations which distinguish the whole of the eas- 
tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " mountain 
region." 

Immediately west of the Cumberland but few hills are 
seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level 
aspect ; further west, the surface continues to decline until 
it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects 
the state from south to north ; ail beyond is comparatively 
level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing 
in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi 
rivers. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-deer, Hatchy and 
WolfJ branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee, French^ 



TENNESSEE. — TRENTON . 119 

Broad, Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches 
of the Tennessee, Cumberland ; Clear fork. Obeys, Caney, 
and Stones, branches of the Cumberland. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, 
corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits 
of many sorts. 

Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, 
Rutledge, Newport, Bluntsville, &,c. in east Tennessee. 
Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, 
Fayetteville, &:,c. in the centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, 
Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and 
Reynoldsburg in West Tennessee. 

Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Naviga- 
ble communication between the waters of the Tennessee 
and thoise of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road 
from the town of Randolph, on the Mississippi, to Jackson 
in Madison county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to 
New Orleans, are proposed, and measures for insuring their 
early completion, have been adopted. 

Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.) 

Tazewell, T. ('211.) Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.) 

Tessuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.) 

Texes, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.) 

Theobald, K. (169.) Tombecbee R., Ala. (282.) 

Thomasville,Ga.(316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.) 

Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.) 

Thompsons, S. C. (290.) Towson, Ark. (260.) 

Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.) 

Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. (58.) 
Thurlow, U. C. (32.) 

Trenton, N. J. fl34,) capital of New Jersey. Popula- 
tion about 5,000. The public buildings are, a state-house, 
two banks, jail, several large cotton factories, &-c. 

ROUTES FROM TRENTON. 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Tullytown, 7 

Bristol, 4 11 



Holmsburg, 11 22 

Frankford, 4 26 

Philadelphia, 5 31 



120 



TRENTON. 



TROY. 



To Philadelphia^ by S. Boat. 

Laniberton, 2 

Bordentown, 4 6 

Bristol, 9 15 

Burlington, 1 16 

Bridesburg, 16 32 

Philadelphia, 3 35 

To Easton^ Pa. by Stage. 

Penington, 9 

Ringoes, 10 19 

Flemington, 6 25 

Pittstown, 9 34 

Hickory town, 4 38 

Bloom sbary, 5 43 

Easton, 8 51 

To New York, by Stage. 

10 

3 13 

13 26 

13 39 

5 44 

6 50 
10 60 



Princeton, 

Kingston, 

New Brunswick, 

Milton, 

Elizabethtown, 

Newark, 

New York, 



To New York, by Stage and 

Steam Boat. 
New Brunswick, as 

above, 26 

Perth Amboy, 12 38 

New York, 25 63 



To Crossioicks, by Stage. 
Bloomsbury, 1 

White Horse, 3 4 

Sand Hills, on C. «&. A. 

Rail Road, 2 6 

Crosswicks, 3 9 

To New Brunswick, by Del. 
aware and Raritan Canal. 



Millham, 


1 


Williamsburg, 


10 11 


Kingston, 


3 14 


Rocky Hill, 


2 16 


Griggstown, 


2 18 


Blackwells, 


4 22 


Millstone, 


3 25 


Bound brook, 


5 30 


New Brunswick, 


7 37 



To Bordentoivn, by Dela- 
ware and Raritan Canal. 
Bloomsbury, 1 

Lamberton, 1 2 

Bordentown, 4 6 



To Saxtonville, by Canal. 
Yardleyville Ferry, 

Jacobs Creek, 2 

Titusville, 3 

Belle Mt. 3 
Lambertville and 

New Hope, 3 

Prattsville, 5 

Saxtonville, 3 



Troupsville, N.Y. (56.) 



Trenton, T. (226.) 
Trenton, N. C. (237.) 

Troy, N. Y. (83,) a large and flourishing city, and seat 
of justice for Renssellaer county. Its population is about 
15,000, with numerous elegant public buildings and 



TRO 



UNI 



121 



private dwellings. Among the former are four banks, 
seven churches, a court-house, &c. 

ROUTES FROM TROY. 



To Whitehall, by Champlain 


Sandy Hill, 2 50 


Canal. 


Kingsbury, 4 54 


Lansingburg, 4 


Fort Ann, 4 58 


Anthony's Kill, ]0 14 


Whitehall, 12 70 


Stillwater, 3 17 


(For routes to Montreal, 


Bemis' Heights, 4 21 


Utica, Buffalo, «&c. see 


Fort Miller, 12 43 


" Routes from Albany.") 


Fort Edward, 5 48 





Tannewania Canal, see N. 

York. 
Troy and Ballston Rail 

Road, see N. York, (83.) 
Troy, O. (124.) 
Troy, Ind. (167.) 
Troy, Ten. (205.) 
Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) 
Truxville, O. (126.) 
Tuckerton, N. J. (158.) 



U. 



Tuckersville, Ga. (305.) 
Tulins, Lou. (277.) 
Tunkhannock, Pa. (107.) 
Turner, N. C. (217.) 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) 
Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) 
Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) 
Tuscumbia Rail Road, see 

Alabama, (246.) 
Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.) 

Union, Pa. (153.) 
Union Canal, (85.) see N. H. 
Union, Mo. (163.) 
Union, S. C. (253.) 
Union T., Va. (194.) 
Unity, Me. (40.) 

United States of North America, or " America," as they 
are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, 
Territories and Districts. 

States. — Maine ; New Hampshire ; Vermont ; Massa- 
chusetts ; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New 
Jersey ; Pennsylvania ; Delaware ; Maryland ; Virginia ; 
North Carolina ; South Carolina ; Georgia ; Alabama ; 
Mississippi ; Louisiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri ; 
Illinois ; Indiana ; Ohio ; Arkansas and Michigan. 
11 



Ufallah, Ga. (301.) 
Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) 
Underwood, Ala. (246.) 
Underwoods, Miss. (264.) 
Union, N. Y. (83.) 
Union Canal, (132,) see Pa. 



128 UNITED STATES. 

Territories. — Florida and Wisconsin. 

Districts. — Columbia ; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage and 
Ozark. 

The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, and Ozark, com- 
prehend the entire region lying west of the states of Mis- 
souri, Illinois, Arkansas, Michigan, and the territory of 
Wisconsin. 

The whole having a population according to the census 
of 1830, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square 
miles. 

(A more detailed account of the States, &.c. will be found 
under the head of each.) 

Capital, Washington, lat. 38° 53' N. Metropolis, New 
York, lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2°^5' E. Congress meet, first 
Monday in December. Date of Constitution, September 
17th, 1787. The elections for President, and members of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, are determined 
by the state governments respectively, and occur at differ- 
ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the 
members of the Senate for six, and those of the House of 
Representatives, for two years. 

Government. — The executive department consists of a 
President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, 
$5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries, who are respectively 
charged with the duties of the various departments of state, 
the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the Secretaries 
receive a salary of $6,000 per annum ; one post master 
general, $6,000 ; and the attorney general, $3,500. These 
hold their offices at the will of the President. 

Department of State. — The Secretary of this branch of 
the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at 
home and abroad ; negotiates treaties with foreign powers; 
disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants 
passports i has charge of the patent office, and of the seal 
of the United States, Szc. &.c. 

The Secretary of the Treasury, superintends all fiscal 
concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi- 
lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the 
condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac- 
counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five 



UNITED STATES. 123 

auditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land 
Office is a subordinate branch of this department. 

The secretary of war has the superintendence of mili- 
tary affiiirs generally ; the erection of fortifications ; of 
making topographical surveys ; surveying and leasing the 
national lead mines, and of the intercourse with Indian 
tribes. 

'^I'he secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy 
of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the 
navy establishment generally. The board of navy com- 
missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at- 
tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This 
board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office. 

General Post Office. — This department is under the su- 
perintendence of the post master general, who has two 
assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint- 
ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, 
and the direction of every thing relating to this department. 

The Legislature,— consists of a Senate and House of 
Representatives, styled the Congress of the United States ; 
meet once every year. The Senate is composed of 52 
members; two from each state. They are chosen by the 
legislatures of the several states, for the term of six years, 
one third of them being elected biennially. 

The vice president of the United States is president of the 
Senate. In his absence a president pro-tempore is chosen 
by the Senate. 

The House of Representatives is composed of members 
from each of the states, elected by the people for a term of 
two years. The present number of representatives is 235, 
and three delegates, one from each of the territories. 

The Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a Chief 
Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ- 
ate justices, who receive annually $4500 each ; one attor- 
ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court 
meets once a year, on the second Monday in January. 

Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Supreme 
Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or 
more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction 
with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, 
which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year. 



124 



UNI 



VANDALIA. 



The District courts are held respectively by the district 
judge alone. They are composed of twenty -eight judges, to 
each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each of these 
districts embraces an entire state, except those of New 
York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana and 
Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each. 

(For information on the physical structure, productions, 
&.C. of the United States, see the individual states.) 
University, N. C. (235.) Upperville, Va. (155.) 

Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbanna, O, (125 ) 
Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) 
Utica, N. Y. (58.) 
V. 

- Vance, G. (250.) 
Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popu- 
lation, 1,500. 

STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA. 



Upper Sandusky, O. (125.) 
Vacasaasa B., Fl. (328.) 



To Terre Haute. 
Ewington, 31 

EmbarrasR. 28 59 

Terre Haute, 46 105 



To America. 
Salem, 25 

Mt. Vernon, 24 49 

Frankfort, 30 79 

Vienna, 36 115 



To St. Louis, Mo. 




America, 


25 140 


Greenville, 




16 






Edwardsville, 


33 


49 


To Kaskaskia. 


St. Louis, 


20 


69 


Carlyle, 
Covington, 


28 
10 38 


To Vincennes. 




New Nashville 


8 46 


Maysville, 




45 


Kaskaskia, 


40 86 


Lawrenceville, 


42 


87 






Vincennes, 


10 


97 


To Galena 










Springfield, 


70 


To Shawneetown. 




Elk Hart Grove, 


8 78 


Salem, 




25 


Athens, 


10 88 


Mt. Vernon, 


24 


49 


Pekin, 


40 128 


M'Leansboro, 


30 


79 


Little Prairie, 


9 137 


Shawneetown, 


28 107 


Peoria, 


1 138 








Rock River, 
Galena, 


76 214 
63 277 



VERMONT. 1^«> 

Vansvllle, Md. (156.) Venus, II. (117.) 

Vareens, S. C. (275.) Vergennes, Vt. (36.) 

Varennes, S. C. (252.) Vermillion R., II. (120.) 

Vassal boro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, Fl. (321.) 

Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Po- 
pulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi- 
tal, Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. 
long. 3° 45' E. General election, first Tuesday in Septem- 
ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. 
Constitution formed, 1777. 

Govervment— Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieu- 
tenant-governor, and a council of 1 2 persons, who are all 
chosen annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a 
hou.se of representatives, the members of which arc elected 
annually, and are styled the General Assembly. 

Judiciary: — consists of a supreme court, having a chief 
justice and four associate judges, and a county court for 
each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme 
court and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the 
general assembly. A council of censors, (13 persons,) is 
chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring 
whether the laws have been faithfully executed, &c. 

Physical Structure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a 
mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass 
through the entire length of the state, separating the waters 
of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- 
plain. A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves 
the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is 
successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque 
rivers. The space intervening between the primary and 
secondary ranges, forms a table-land having a mean alti- 
tude of not less than 800 feet above the surface of Lake 
Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude 
of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and 
in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex- 
tent. Besides the ridges just mentioned, other mouniains 
of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the 
state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough 
and uneven. 

11* 



126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA. 

Lakes. — Champlain, Meraphramagog, Seymour, West- 
more, Trout, Bombazine, &o. 

Rivers. — Connecticut, White, Pasumsick, Black, Missis- 
que, La Moelle, Onion, Otter, &c. 

Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, indian corn, oats, 
pot and pearl ashes, provisions, «&c. 

Towns. — Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middle- 
bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, 
Vergennes, St. Albans, «Slc. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around 
those falls, halfa mile long. Waterquechy Canal. White 
River Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to 
overcome falls in the Connecticut river. 

Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (169.) 

Vernon, O. (102.) Vevay, Ind. (168.) 

Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.) 

Vernon, Ind. (147.) Victor, N. Y. (79.) 

Vernon, T. (227.) Vienna, JMd. (178.) 

Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna, II. (186.) 

Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (166.) 

Virginia, state of, (193,) is divided into 116 counties. 
Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. 
Area, 66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich- 
mond. Lat. 37° 32' N. Long. 0° 26' W. Constitution 
amended and adopted in 1830. General Election, April. 
Legislature meet, first Monday in December. 

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly 
— term of office three years, salary $3,333 1-3. Lieutenant- 
governor, $1,000. IVo counsellors, each $1000. Trea- 
surer and auditor, each $2000. Legislature, styled the 
General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and 
house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members : 
and the house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elected 
by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets 
annually on the first Monday in December, at Richmond, 
the capital of the state. 

Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a president 
with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, whose salary 



VIRGINIA. 127 

is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, 
one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg 
in Greenbier county, for West Virginia, including all the 
counties west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first 
Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business 
requires it. 

General Court. — The state is divided into ten districts 
and twenty circuits. There are twenty judges, — one for 
each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery 
is held twice every year in each county and corporation. 

Physical Structure. — All that portion of the state which 
lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters- 
burg, &c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level 
and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are 
constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun- 
try which intervenes between that just mentioned and the 
Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, 
and presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. 
West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a suc- 
cession of elevated ridges, between which, valleys of great 
fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the 
summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several 
hundred feet above the ocean tides. 

After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is 
much broken by the action of the waters, as they passed 
over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus 
formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the 
streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed 
the mountainous appearance which the western part of the 
state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how- 
ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table- 
land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may 
be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, 
mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated 
plans. 

Bays and rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, 
south branch of Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannoc, York, 
James, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c. in the 
<east ; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha 



128 



VIRGINIA. 



Elk, Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guy an dot, Sandy, Clinch, 
Holston, &c., in the western part. 

Productions, — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, 
tobacco, &,c. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in 
the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, 
and some of the adjacent counties. 

Towns. — Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, 
Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax,War- 
renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, 
Staunton, Harrisonburg, Warm Springs, Wheeling, Par- 
kersburg, Charleston, Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &,c. in the 
west. 

Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely 
a series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin 
at Richmond 80 feet above tide waler. From this basin 
proceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 
2^ miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles fur- 
ther is a short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. 
James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com- 
mences at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's 
Adventure Falls, 30^ miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends 
along the bank of James River, through a gap of the Blue 
ridge, length 6-81 miles. An extension of the James River 
Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im- 
provement consist of a slack water navigation, and extends 
from the Weldon Canal in N. Carolina to Salem in Vir. 
ginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, 
Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and Kanawha rivers, 
have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp Canal, ex- 
tends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, to 
Joyces Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albemarle 
sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one from Lake 
Drummond, 5 miles in length, whi3h in addition to ils 
uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to 
the main trunk; and the other 6 miles long, opens a com- 
munication between the principal canal, and the head 
waters of North West river. — Rail Roads. Manchester 
Rail Road, extends from Manchester to the coal mines, 
length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road extends from 
Harper's Ferry to Winchester, length 30 miles. Peters- 



VIRGINIA. — WARM SPRINGS. 129 

burg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in 
Virginia, to Blakely, at the foot of the Roanoke eanal, in N. 
Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road 
leaves the main lines about 10 miles from Blakely, which 
extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke, length about 
12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences 
at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, 
intersects the Petersburg road 6 miles from Blakely, and 
terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below the 
Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe- 
tersburg Rail Road, length 21-50 miles. Richmond and 
Fredericksburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 64 
miles. Belleplain Rail Road extends from Fredericks- 
burg to Blleplaine, situated on a branch of the Potomac, 
(in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other Rail Roads 
are proposed. 

Volina, F. (338.) 

W. 
Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.) 

Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road^ see 

Weldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.) 

lina, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.) 

West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.) 

Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.) 

Waterqueche Canal, see Ver- Waddington, N. Y. (34.) 

mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.) 

White River Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.) 

mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.) 

Wilmington and Downing- Wallingford, Ct. (110.) 

town Rail Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.) 

ware, (1 57.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.) 

Washington Canal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.) 

Jersey, (134.) Warebore, Ga. (304.) 

Winyaw Canal, sec South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.) 

Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ- 
ated in Bath county, on the western declivity of Spring 
mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are char- 
acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, 
(97^°,) and the presence of tsulphuretic hydrogen, and 
carbonic acid gasses. 



130 



WASHINGTON. 



Warren, Me. (40.) 
Warren, O. (102.) 
Warren, Pa. (103.) 
Warren, O. (128.) 
Warren, Va. (196.) 
Warrenton, Va. (176.) 
Warrenton, N. C. (216.) 
Warrenton, Ga. (271.) 
Warrington, Miss. (279.) 
Warwassing, N. Y. (108.) 
Warwick, R.I. (HI.) 
Warwick, Md. (157.) 



Washington, N. H. (61.) 
Washington, Pa. (128.) 
Washington, O. (149.) 
Washington, Ind. (166.) 
Washington, Va. (175.) 
Washington, T. (^230.) 
Washington, N. C. (237.) 
Washington, N. C. ("257.) 
Washington, Ark. (260.) 
Washington, Ga. (271.) 
Washington, Ala. (284.) 
Washington, Miss. (225.) 

Capital of the United States, 



Washington, D. C. (176.) 
Population, 18,827. 

This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and 
principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various 
public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Penn- 
sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi- 
dent's house, is the principal place of business, and the great 
promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide 
and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, 
remains unoccupied. 

The public buildings, «fec. are, 1. The capitol, 363 feet 
in length, with an open area containing 22| acres ; cost of 
the capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house 
about 1 1-4 mile from the capitol. 3. The public offices, four 
in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president's 
house; these buildings are occupied by the four departments 
of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy 
yard is situated on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In 
addition to the above, which belong to the United States, 
there are many public buildings, erected by the local au- 
thorities of the city and others, among these are ; the city 
hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market house, the- 
atre, several banks, 17 churches, &c. 

ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



To Baltwiore^ by Stage. 
Bladensburg, 6 



Vansville, 
Elkridge Landing, 



8 14 
15 29 



WASHINGTON. 



131 



Baltimore, 



8 37 



To Dover, Del. 

Bladensburo- 6 

Pawtuxet R., 20 26 

Annapolis. 14 40 
Broad Cr. (by water,) 12 52 

Sharktown, 4 56 

Qucenstown, 8 64 

Centreville, 7 71 

Georgetown, 25 96 

Dover, 8 104 

To Point Lookout. 

Welby, 7 

Piscataway, 8 15 

Port Tobacco, 14 29 

Newport, 13 42 

Chaytico, 10 52 

Leonardtown, 5 57 

Great Mills, 11 68 

St. Inig-oes, 7 75 

Pt. Lookout, 10 85 

To Richmond, Va. 

Alexandria, 9 

Occoquan, 17 26 

Dumfries, 9 35 

Aquia, 9 44 

Fredericksburg, 14 58 

Bowlinggreen, 22 80 

Hanover C. H. 23 103 

Richmond, 19 122 

To Winchester, Va. 

Alexandria, 9 

Fairfax C. H. 14 23 

Aldie, 24 47 

Upperville, 14 6J 



Millwood, 
Winchester, 



10 71 

13 84 



To Virginia Springs, by 
Stage. 

Alexandria, 9 

Fairfax C. H. 15 24 

Centreville, 8 32 

Bull Run, 3 35 

Buckland Mills, 11 46 

New Baltimore, 4 50 

Warrenton, 6 56 

Lee's Sulphur Sp. 6 62 

Jefferson, 3 65 

Fairfax C. H. 12 77 

Cedar Mt. 6 83 

Rapidan, 6 89 

Orange C. H. 7 96 
(Thence to Montpelier, 
seat of Mr. Madison, 
5 miles.) 

Gordonsville, 8 104 

Monticello, 16 120 
Charlottsville and 
University of Va. 

York, 19 142 

Waynesboro, 6 148 

Staunton, 12 160 

Jennings N. Mt. 17 177 

Cloverdale, 12 189 

Green Valley, 11 200 

Warm Springs, 13 213 

Hot Springs, 5 218 

Jackson River, 9 227 

White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 
(Thence to Sweet Sul- 
phur Sp. 18 miles.) 

Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284 

Salt Sulphur Sp. I 285 



t\ 



3 123 



132 


WASHINGTON. 




Red Sulphur Spr. 


14 299 


Mathew's Point, 


8 58 


(See Warm Spring, 


Sweet 


Cedar Pt. 


7 65 


Sulphur Springs, 


&c.) 


Washington's Birth 






place, 


11 76 


To Frederick, Md. 


Ragged Point, 


15 91 


Simonsville, 


7 


Pt. Lookout, 


16 107 


Rockville, 


7 14 


Patuxent R. 


20 127 


Seneca, 


7 21 


Sharp's Island, 


22 149 


Middlebrook, 


5 26 


Herring Bay, 


10 159 


Hyattstown, 


8 34 


Bodkin Pt. 


32 191 


Frederick, 


11 45 


Baltimore, 


13 204 


To Baltimore, by 


Steam 


To Harper's Ferry, 


by Canal. 


Boat. 




Great Falls, 


13 


Alexandria, 


& 


Seneca Creek, 


10 23 


Mount Vernon, 


9 17 


Peter's Quarry, 


17 40 


Crane Island, 


5 22 


Monocacy R. 


5 45 


Cook's Ferry, 


13 35 


Cotoctin Cr. 


12 57 


Boyd's Hole, 


15 50 


Harper's Ferry, 


12 69 



WashittaR., Ark. (241.) 
Washitta R., Lou. (278.) 
Waterford, Me. (39.) 
Waterford, N. Y. (83.) 
Waterford, Pa. (102.) 
Waterford, Pa. ri31.) 
Waterford, O. (151.) 
Waterholes, Miss. (296.) 
Waterloo, Ala. (246.) 
Watertown, N. Y. (58.) 
Watertown, Ct. (109.) 
Waynesboro, T. (227.) 
Waynesboro, G. (272.) 
Waynesboro, N. C. (236.) 
WaynesviUe, N. C (232.) 
Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) 
Wayne, Ind. (97.) 
Wayne, Pa. (133.) 
Weathersford, Ala. (284.) 



Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) 
Webbville, Fl. (314.) 
Well, K. (189.) 
Wellfleet, Mass. (112.) 
Wellsboro,Pa. (105.) 
Wells, Me. (63.) 
Wells, Pa. (156.) 
Wentworth, N. H. (62.) . 
Wentworth, N. C. (215.) 
Westminster, Vt. (61.) 
Westminster, Md. (156.) 
Westport, Md. (153.) 
West Point, N. Y. (109.) 
Weston, Va. (152.) 
Westville, Miss. (296.) 
West Union, O. (170.) 
W. Chester, Pa. (157.) 
West, N. Y. (57.) 
Weymouth, N. J. (158.) 



WHEELING. 



133 



Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not onlj important 
as it regards population, but is also the leading point in one 
of the great thoroughfares of this section of the United 
States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number 
has increased considerably since that period. The national 
road leading from the Cumberland to the western capitals, 
passes through Wheeling; at this point emigrants and 
travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of 
the western country. 

ROUTES FROM WHEELING. 



To Baltimore, by the Nation- 


To Chillicoihe. 


al Road. 




Zanesville, as above, 


80 


W. Alexandria, Pa 


16 


Union, 


9 89 


Claysville, 


6 22 


Somerset, 


9 98 


Washington, 


9 31 


Rushville, 


8 106 


Hillsboro, 


12 43 


Lancaster, 


10 116 


Brownsville, 


11 54 


Tarlton, 


14 130 


Union, 


12 66 


Kingston, 


8 138 


Smythfield, 


21 87 


Chillicothe, 


12 150 


Mt. Pleasant, Md. 


29 116 






Cumberland, 


10 126 


To Wooster,C 


. 


Prattsville, 


21 147 


Harrisville, 


13 


Hancock, 


18 165 


Cadiz, 


9 22 


Williamsport, 


27 192 


New Philadelphia, 


33 55 


Boonsboro, 


12 204 


Dover, on Canal, 


3 58 


Frederick, 


16 220 


Paintville, 


18 76 


Baltimore, by R. R. 


59 279 


Wooster, 


16 92 


To Columbus, 0. 


by the 


To Pittsburg. 




National Road. 


Washington, Pa. 


31 


St. ClairsviUe, 


10 


Canonsburg, 


7 38 


Morristown, 


12 22 


Birmingham, 


17 55 


Fairview, 


]2 34 


Pittsburg, 


1 56 


Washington, 


14 48 






Cambridge^ 


7 "55 


To Pittsburg, by Steam 


Norwich, 


15 70 


Boat. 




Zanesrille, 


10 80 


Warrenton, 


8 


Hebron, 


27 107 


Wellsburg, 


6 14 


Columbus, 


28 135 


Steubenville, 


7 21 



12 



134 



WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. 



Fawcetstown, 


22 43 


Point Pleasant, Va. 


29 170 


Beaver, 


19 62 


Gallipolis, 


3 173 


Economy, 


9 71 


Guy an dot, 


34 207 


Middletown, 


9 80 


Burlington, 


7 214 


Pittsburg, 


11 9] 


Portsmouth, 


41 255 







Manchester, 


36 291 


To Cincinnati^ 


by S. Boat. 


Maysville, 


10 301 


Elizabethtown, 


13 


Ripley, 


7 308 


Sistersville, 


35 48 


Augusta, 


9 317 


Newport, 


17 65 


Point Pleasant, 0. 


15 332 


Marietta, 


16 81 


Cincinnati, 


26 358 


Parkersburg, 


13 94 


(For continuation to N. Or- 


Bellville, 


17 111 


le ins, see " Cincinnati.") 


Letart's Rapids, 


30 141 







White Apple, Miss. (295.) 
Whitehall, N. Y. (60.) 
White Hills, N. H. (38.) 



White Plains, N. Y. (109.) 
White River, Ind. (123.) 
White R., Ark. (201.) 



White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county, 
a place of fashionable resort during the months of July, 
August and September, and the most celebrated among the 
innumerable mineral springs, w^hich abound in the central 
parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul- 
phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at 
night, to a considerable distance around the spring. 



Wickford, R. I. (111.) 
Wilderness, Va. (176.) 
Wilford, Ala. (298.) 
Wilkesbarre, Pa. (107.) 
Wilkesville, N. C. (213.) 
Williamsburg, O. (149.-) 
Williamsburg, Va. (198.) 
Williamsburg, T. (209.) 
Williamsburg, K. (210.) 
Williamsburg, Miss. (297.) 
Williamsboro, N. C. (216.) 
Williamsport, Pa. (105.) 
Wiliiamsport, Ind. (121.) 



Williamston, Vt. (37.) 
Williamston, Mass. (83.) 
Williamston, N. C. (237.) 
Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) 
Williams, Ark. (259.) 
Williams, Ala. (311.) 
Williamsport, K. (169.) 
Williston, Vt. (37.) 
Willowgrove, Pa. (133.) 
WiUstown, Ala. (249.) 
Wilmington, Vt. (84.) 
Wilmington, O. (126.) 
Wilmington, O. (149.) 



WILMINGTON. 



135 



Wilmington, Del. (157,) the metropolis of the state of 
Delaware. Population in 1830, 6,628 ; is now probably 
8,000. The public buildings are a city hall, two market 
houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &c. 
There are in and about Wilmington upwards of 100 ex- 
tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. 
The Brandywine springs are situated about 5 miles west 
of Wilmington. 

ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON. 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Chester, 13 

Darby, 9 21 

Philadelphia, 6 28 

To Baltimore, by Stage. 

11 20 
16 36 
11 47 
10 57 
15 72 



Christiana, 

Elkton, 

Havre de Grace, 

Harttbrd, 

Gunpowder, 

Baltimore, 

To Dover, 

New Castle, 
Red Lion, 



Del. 



St. George's, 


3 15 


Trap, 


4 19 


Cantwell's, 


4 23 


Smyrna, 


10 33 


Hamsville, 


7 40 


Dover, 


5 45 


To Philadelphia, 


by Steam 


Boat. 




Delaware R. 


3 


Marcus Hook, 


8 11 


Chester, 


4 15 


Lazaretto, 


5 20 


Fort Mifliin, 


5 25 


Gloucester Point, 


5 30 


Philadelphia, 


3 33 



Wilsons, Miss. (264.) 
Wilshire. O. (124.; 
Winchendon, Mass. (84.) 
Winchester, Ct. (109.) 
Winchester, O. (124.) 
Winchester, Va. (154.) 
Winchester, K. (169.) 
Winchester, T. (228.) 
Winchester, Miss. (298.) 
Wind Gap, Pa. (133.) 
Windham, Me. (63.) 
Windham, Ct. (110.) 



Windsor, Vt. (61.) 
Windsor, Ct. (110.) 
Windsor, N. C. (237.) 
Winsboro, S. C. (253.) 
Winyaw Bay, S. C. (274.) 
Wiscasset, Me. (64.) 
Wisconson R., Mich. (44.) 
Witamky, Fl. (329.) 
Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) 
Woodbury, N. J. (157.) 
Woodsfield, O. (151.) 
Woodstock, Me. (39.) 



136 woo ZAN 

Woodstock, Vt. (61.) Wooster, O. (126.) 

Woodstock, Va. (175.) Worcester, Mass. (85.) 

WoodviUe, Va. (175.) Worthington, O. (125.) 

Woodville, Va. (197.) Wyliesburg, Va. (216.) 

Woodville, Miss. (295.) Wynton, N. C. (217.) 

Woodville, Lou. (324.) Wyoming, Pa. (107.) 

Wisconsin, Territory of, is divided into counties. 

Population, (l837,) about 20,000. Area, 267,850 square 
rniles. Capital, Burlington. Lat. 40° 62' N. Long. 14° 05' W. 

Government. — Governor appointed by the President and 
Senate; and Secretary, who continue in office two years. 

The judicial, as well as the executive officers of the Ter- 
ritory are chosen by the president of the U. States, by and 
with the consent of the Senate. 

Physical Structure. — Extending from the Lat. of 40° 
25' to 49° North, with an area equal in extent to four or 
five of the bordering states, the Territory of Wisconsin 
possesses almost every variety of soil — nothing deserving 
the name of mountain is found within its limits, and, with 
the exception of the innumerable lakes and swamps which 
abound in the northern part of the Territory, every part of 
its surface is susceptible of cultivation. Even in the lead 
districts, where fertility is scarcely looked for, the agricul- 
tural products are in no wise inferior to those of other sec- 
tions of the country. 

Mines of lead have for many years been worked to great 
advantage. Copper ore has also been recently found in 
great abundance, and of superior quahty. 

X. 

Xenia, O. (149.) 

Y. 
Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) York, Pa. (156.) 

Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) York, Va. (198.) 

Yancyville, Va. (196.) York H., P. (132.) 

Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York R., Va. (198.) 

York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) Yorkville, S. C. (253.) 
York, Me. (63.) Youngs, II. (165.) 

York, II. (145.) 

Z. 
.Zanesville, O. (150.) 



TABLE OF MONEY. 



137 



TABZ.Z: 

OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEYj 

IN 
DIFFEIlENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATED 



IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. 



Tke fractional parts of the cents are decimals. 



Great Britain. 


Holland. 






$ cts. 




$ cts. 


Farthingr 


00,46 


Stiver 


01,94 


Penny 


01,85 


Scalin, 


11,64 


Groat 


07,40 


Guilder, or Florin 


38,80 


Shilling 


22,22 


Rix dollar, 


97,00 


Crown, or 5 shillings 


Ducat 


2 07,86 




1 11,16 


Gold Ducat 


8 00,00 


Sovereign, or pound 


4 44,44 






Guinea, 21 shillings 


4 66,66 


Portugal 








Re 


00,12 


France. 




Vinton 


02,50 


Denier, 


00,08 


Testoon 


12,50 


Sol, or 12 deniers. 


00,92 


Crusade of ex 


50,00 


Livre Tournois, or 




Milre* 


1 25,00 


20 sols 


18,52 


Moidore 


6 00,00 


Ecu, or crown, 6 




Joannese 


8 00,00 


livres 


1 10,00 






Pistole,* 10 Uvres 


1 85,17 


Italy. 




Louis d'or 


4 44,44 


Soldi, 


00,80 


Franc 


18.7i 


Chevelet 


03,18 


Five fracs, 


93,70 


Lire* 


15,92 






Testoon 


23,88 


Spain. 




Croisade 


79,60 


Maravadie* 


00,30 


Pezzoofex* 


92,60 


Rial 


10,00 


Genouine, 


1 36,12 


Pistarine, 


20,00 


Pistole, 


3 20,00 


Piaster of ex* 


80,00 






Dollar, 


1 00,00 


Switzerland. 


Ducat of ex* 


1 10,00 


Fenning 


00,24 


Pistole, 


3 60,00 


Cruitzer, 


00,92 



12* 



138 



TABLE OP MONEY. 





$ cts. 


Prussia. 




Sol* 


02,77 




$ cts. 


Gulden, 


55,55 


Grosh, 


00,86 


Rix dollar, 


1 00,00 


Coustic 


04,32 






Tinse 


12,96 


Austria. 




Ort 


15,55 


Crutzer, 


00,86 


Florin 


25,92 


Grosh, 


03,14 


Rix dollar* 


77,76 


Batzen, 


03,44 


Ducat 


2 07,40 


Gould 


51,85 


Frederick d'or 


3 88,80 


Rix dollar, 


77,77 






Ducat, 


2 07,40 


Russia. 








Atlin 


03,00 


Sweden. 




Grievencr, 


10,00 


Stiver 


00,72 


Polpotin 


25,00 


Copper marc 


02,88 


Foltin 


50,00 


Silver marc 


08,64 


Ruble 


1 00,00 


Copper dollar 


11,52 


Zervonitz 


2 00,00 


Caroline, 


25,92 






Rix dollar 


1 03,70 


Turkey. 




Ducat 


2 07,40 


Mangar 


00,28 






Asper* 


01,12 


Denmark. 




Parac 


03,33 


Shilling 


01,04 


Bestic 


05,55 


D\iggen 


06,24 


Estic 


11,11 


Marc* 


16,66 


Solata 


22,22 


Rix marc 


20,83 


Piaster* 


88,88 


Rix ort 


25,00 


Caragrouch 


1 11,10 


Crown 


66,66 


Xeriff 


2 22,20 


Rix doUar 


1 00,00 






Ducat 


8 83,34 







* These are merely nominal, and not represented by any 
real coin. 



CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS, 

Recently published, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, 
Geographer and Map Publisher, No. 51 South Tiiird 
Street, Philadelphia. 

No. 

1. A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several 
States of the North American Union, projected and drawn 
on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of 
the work in half binding, . . . $30 00 

2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var- 
nished, 45 00 

3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar- 
ters, and reserving all those relating to North and South 

' America, the States, &c. Price in half binding, 25 00 

4. The same as the preceding, omitting the map of South 
America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all 
the maps relating to the continent of North America, in- 
cluding the State Maps. Price . . 20 00 

5. Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 8 00 

6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 10 00 

7. A new general Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet 
.' Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; World on Mercator's pro- 
I jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America, 

^ South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and Bri- 

1 tish possessions. Price . . . 10 00 

4 8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General 

Maps of the various grand divisions of the knovfn world, 

imperial folio. Price, half bound, . . 5 00 

9. The same as in the preceding, with the Maps pasted 
on thick pasteboards and varnished, for the use of schools. 
Price . . . . . 7 50 

10. Atlas of Ancient Geography, designed to illustrate the 
works of the Ancient writers, both sacred and profane, 16 

i select Maps on imperial quarto. Price, half bound, 3 00 
I 11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em- 
^ bracing all the recent discoveries of Ross, Parry, Franklin, 
Long, &,c. &;c. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable 
i .form, 8 00 



140 Maps, Charts, S^^c. 

12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 1836, 8 00 

13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 8 00 

14. Ditto Africa, ditto. 8 00 

15. A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 
The Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually 

sold together; they form a set on which is delineated the 
entire surface of the earth, and form as complete a body of 
geographical information on the known world, as the ex- 
isting state of knowledge will admit. 

1 6. Map of the World on the Globular projection, two 
sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00 

17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with 
numerous tables. Price, in pocket case, . 1 50 

18. The Traveller's Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, 
and Railway routes of the United States. Price, in pocket 
case, ..... 75 

19. Map of the existing and contemplated Canals of the 
State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25 

20. Map of the New England States, for travellers, in 
pocket case, . . . . 1 00 

21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 1 00 

22. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00 

23. Maps of the States of Ohio and Indiana, do. do. 1 00 

24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland & Delaware, 
for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00 

25. Maps of the Sts. of Kentucky &. Tennessee, do. 1 00 
2G. Ditto. North & S. Carolina, do. do. 1 00 

27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. do. 1 00 

28. Ditto. Louisiana «fc Mississippi, do. 1 00 

29. Ditto. Illinois 6l Missouri, do. do. 1 00 

30. Map of the territory of Florida, do. do. 1 00 
The same Maps are put up separately on mushn, in a 

portable case. Price each, . . 2 00 

31. Chart of the World on Mercator's projection, one 
large sheet, . . . . 1 00 

32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . 1 00 

33. Map of Asia, ditto. . . 1 00 

34. xMap of Africa, ditto. . . 1 00 

35. Map of America, ditto. . . 1 00 



Jilaps, Charts, ^-c. 141 

36. The four preceding Maps pasted tog-ether on 1 sheet 
of canvas and rollers, suitable for schools. Price 5 50 

37. Map of North America, one large sheet, 1 00 

38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 50 

39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound- 
land, &,c. . . . . . 1 00 

40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, . 1 00 

41. Dissected Maps of the World, 1 large sheet, 2 50 

42. Ditto. Europe, ditto. 2 50 

43. Ditto. Asia, ditto. 2 50 

44. Ditto. Africa, ditto. 2 50 

45. Ditto. United States, ditto. 2 00 
45. The Mariner's Atmospherical Register or Weather- 
Book, 2 50 

47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50 

48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and quarters, 
the set, . . . . . 50 

49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, quarters, and 
United States, . . . . 50 

50. A Geological Survey of the environs of Philadelphia, 
with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 63 

51. Map of the country 15 miles round Philadelphia, 
with the roads, public houses, &.c. in a pocket case. 50 

52. Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa & America, 
mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting 
houses, schools, &c. Price each $1 50, or the set, 7 00 

53. Map of Schuylkill county. Pa. on a scale of 2 miles 
to the inch. Price . . . . 1 00 

54. The Stranger's Guide to the public buildings, places 
of amusement, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, principal 
hotels, steam boat landings, stage offices, &c. in the city of 
Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . 1 00 

55. A new and authentic Map of Colombia, with its de- 
partments and provinces, constructed principally from the 
manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum- 
bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00 

Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50 

56. A view of the United States — historical, geographical 
and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the na- 
tural and artificial features of the several states, and em- 



142 Maps, Charts, 4"C. 

bracing those leading- branches of history and statistics, 
best adapted to develope the present condition of the North 
American Union, illustrated with Maps, &c. by William 
Darby, forming an ISmo book of 600 pages, with 14 maps. 

Price 2 50 

57. A new Pocket Atlas, of the United States, the Maps, 
drawn on an unitbrm scale, with the distances from place 
to place. Price . . . . 1 35 

58. Map of the State of Pennsylvania, . 38 

5;). Drawing Book. No. 1. Human Figure. Price 38 

60. Ditto " 2. Landscapes, . 25 

61. Ditto " 3. Shipping, . 38 

62. Ditto " 4. I/andscapes, . 38 

63. Ditto " 5. The same coloured, 50 

64. Ditto " 6. 'Flowers, . 38 

65. Ditto " 7. Flowers, . 38 

66. Ditto " 8. Flowers, . 38 

67. Ditto " 9. Flowers, . 38 

68. Ditto " 10. Roses, . 38 

69. Ditto containing 8 sheets of Flowers col'd. 1 00 
70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a 

scale of 30 miles to the inch— 5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 
feet 2 inches high. Price of the Map, on rollers or in a 
portable form ., . . . . 10 00 

Ditto in pocket case, . . . 7 50 

This map contains the following supplementary maps, 
plans, &c. 

1 Plan of the city of Boston. I 5 of Washington. 

2 of New York. | 6 of Charleston. 

3 of Philadelphia. 7 of New Orleans. 

4 of Baltimore. | 
8 Map of the environs of Boston. 

Albany, Saratoga, ^c. 
New York and New Brunswick. 
Philadelphia and Trenton. 
Baltimore and Washington. 
Savannah, Georgia. 
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 

15 General Map of Oregon and Manden Districts. 

16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river. 



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Maps, Chains, <^^c. 143 

17 South Part of Florida. 

18 Profile of the Grand Portage, I^Iainc. 

19 Statistical Table of the Western Districts. 

20 of United States, exhibiting the 
Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitude, longitude, and 
population ; date of constitution ; lime of stated meeting of 
the Legislature; day of general election; population of 
1830, of each state and territory in the Union. 

71. Memoir on the recent Surveys, Observations and 
Internal Improvements in the United States, with brief no- 
tices of the new counties, towns, villages, canals and rail- 
roads, never before delineated, by H. S. Tanner. Intend- 
ed to accompany his new Map of the United States, 
Price 1 00 

72. Map of the United States, including the Western 
Districts. Price . . . . 75 

73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, . 50 

74. The same coloured, . . 75 

75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps 
of the several districts drawn on an uniform scale of two 
miles to the inch, . . . , 12 00 

76. The same maps put in a portable form, at a price 
from $3 50 to $1 50 each. 

77. Map of the state of South Carolina on four sheets, 
drawn and pubUshed in conformity to the law of the 
State, 5 00 

78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geography, 
topography, &:c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- 
ties, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. L. 
Williams. Price . . . . 2 00 

79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from 
Mobile bay to the Suwannee river, both inclusive, in pocket 
case, ..... 1 00^ 

80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the 
adjoining states, engraved on three sheets, by Thomas Gor-. 
don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a por-^ 
table form. Price . . . . 8 00 

81. Plan of the city of Pittsburg and adjacent country. 
Price, in pocket case, . . • 1 00 

82. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties. Pa. on 
rollers, . , . . . 1 75 



144 Maps, Charts, ^c, 

83. The same in pocket case, . . 1 0( 

84. Map of Montgomery county, Penn. on rollers, 1 7.' 

85. The same in pocket case, . . 1 0( 

86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 

88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

89. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 

90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

91. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 

92. Map of Huntingdon county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

93. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 

94. Map of Somerset county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

95. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 

96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn. 

on rollers, . . _ . . . 1 75 

97. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 

98. Map of Philadelphia county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

99. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 
The above county maps are projected on an uniform scale 

of two and a half miles to an inch. 

100. Map of Texas, on one large sheet, compiled by 
S. F. Austin, . . . . 1 00 

101. The same in pocket case, . . 150 

102. The Traveller's Pocket Map of New York, 38 

103. Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 38 

104. Ditto ditto Virginia, 38 

105. Ditto ditto North Carolina, 38 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





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